Nawa Y
Department of Parasitology, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1991 Dec;22 Suppl:217-9.
The genus Gnathostoma contains at least twelve distinctive species. Among these, 6 species, namely G. spinigerum, G. hispidum, G. doloresi, G. vietnamicum, G. malaysiae and G. nipponicum, are found in wild animals in Asia. Related to human gnathostomiasis, G. spinigerum has long been believed as the only causative species. Until the early 1980s, all gnathostomiasis cases found in major endemic areas in Asia, such as Thailand, China and Japan, were caused by infection with G. spinigerum. In the early 1980s in Japan, new gnathostomiasis cases appeared in urban areas and these cases were shown to be caused by G. hispidum, of which larvae were found in loaches imported from Taiwan, Korea, or mainland China. Recently infections with G. nipponicum caused by eating locally obtained loaches raw, were found in 2 humans in Mie Prefecture, and 14 cases of infection with G. doloresi, probably caused by eating raw slices of freshwater fishes, were found in Miyazaki Prefecture. So far four Gnathostoma species are responsible for zoonotic infections in humans. Since G. hispidum and G. doloresi, like G. spinigerum, are widely distributed in Asia, care should be taken with the identification of species causing gnathostomiasis.
颚口线虫属至少包含12个不同的物种。其中，有6个物种，即棘颚口线虫、刚刺颚口线虫、杜氏颚口线虫、越南颚口线虫、马来西亚颚口线虫和日本颚口线虫，在亚洲的野生动物中被发现。与人类颚口线虫病相关的是，长期以来人们一直认为棘颚口线虫是唯一的致病物种。直到20世纪80年代初，在亚洲主要流行地区，如泰国、中国和日本发现的所有颚口线虫病病例都是由棘颚口线虫感染引起的。20世纪80年代初在日本，城市地区出现了新的颚口线虫病病例，这些病例被证明是由刚刺颚口线虫引起的，其幼虫在从台湾、韩国或中国大陆进口的泥鳅中被发现。最近，在三重县有2人因食用当地捕获的生泥鳅而感染日本颚口线虫，在宫崎县发现了14例可能因食用淡水鱼生鱼片而感染杜氏颚口线虫的病例。到目前为止，有4种颚口线虫会导致人类的人畜共患感染。由于刚刺颚口线虫和杜氏颚口线虫与棘颚口线虫一样在亚洲广泛分布，因此在鉴定引起颚口线虫病的物种时应格外小心。
