School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2019 Oct;19(10):731-740. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2393. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV) have previously been reported from several African countries, including those bordering Rwanda where they may have originated. However, there have been no serosurveillance reports from Rwanda regarding these two viral pathogens. In this article, we present the first study of immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroreactivity of CHIKV and WNV in Rwandan blood donor samples. Blood donors from Rwanda ( = 874) and Sweden ( = 199) were tested for IgG reactivity against CHIKV, using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the E1 envelope protein fused with p62 as antigen, and against WNV using a commercial kit. Data on mosquito distribution were obtained from the 2012 assessment of yellow fever virus circulation in Rwanda. Seroreactivity to CHIKV was high in Rwanda (63.0%), when compared with Swedish donors, where only 8.5% were IgG positive. However, a cross-reactivity to O'nyong'nyong virus in neutralization test was noted in Rwandan donors. No significant difference in WNV seroreactivity was found (10.4% for Rwandan and 14.1% for Swedish donors). The relatively high seroreactivity to WNV among Swedish donors could partly be explained by cross-reactivity with tick-borne encephalitis virus prevalent in Sweden. Donors from the Eastern Province of Rwanda had the highest IgG reactivity to the two investigated viruses (86.7% for CHIKV and 33.3% for WNV). Five genera of mosquitoes were found in Rwanda where was the most common (82.5%). The vector of CHIKV, , accounted for 9.6% of mosquitoes and this species was most commonly found in the Eastern Province. Our results showed high seroreactivity to CHIKV in Rwandan donors. The highest IgG reactivity to CHIKV, and to WNV, was found in the Eastern Province, the area reporting the highest number of mosquito vectors for these two viruses. Infection control by eliminating mosquito-breeding sites in population-dense areas is recommended, especially in eastern Rwanda.
基孔肯雅热病毒（CHIKV）和西尼罗河病毒（WNV）此前已在包括卢旺达在内的几个非洲国家报告过，而卢旺达可能是这些病毒的起源地。然而，卢旺达尚未有关于这两种病毒病原体的血清监测报告。在本文中，我们首次报道了卢旺达献血者样本中针对 CHIKV 和 WNV 的免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）血清反应性。我们使用融合了 p62 的 E1 包膜蛋白作为抗原的内部酶联免疫吸附试验，对来自卢旺达（n=874）和瑞典（n=199）的献血者进行了 CHIKV IgG 反应性检测，并使用商业试剂盒对 WNV 进行了检测。蚊媒分布数据来自 2012 年对卢旺达黄热病病毒传播情况的评估。卢旺达的 CHIKV 血清反应性较高（63.0%），而瑞典献血者中仅有 8.5%呈 IgG 阳性。然而，在卢旺达献血者的中和试验中发现了对奥尼翁-翁翁病毒的交叉反应。WNV 血清反应性无显著差异（卢旺达为 10.4%，瑞典为 14.1%）。瑞典献血者对 WNV 相对较高的血清反应性部分可能是由于与瑞典流行的蜱传脑炎病毒的交叉反应所致。卢旺达东部省份的献血者对两种研究病毒的 IgG 反应性最高（CHIKV 为 86.7%，WNV 为 33.3%）。在卢旺达发现了 5 种蚊子属，其中 是最常见的（82.5%）。CHIKV 的传播媒介 占蚊子的 9.6%，这种物种在东部省份最为常见。我们的结果显示，卢旺达献血者对 CHIKV 的血清反应性较高。对 CHIKV 和 WNV 的 IgG 反应性最高的是东部省份，该地区报告了这两种病毒的蚊媒数量最多。建议通过消除人口密集地区的蚊子滋生地来进行感染控制，特别是在卢旺达东部。
