From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (C.B., C.M., C.A.S.), Johnson Research Foundation, Penn Acute Research Collaboration (C.A.M.), and Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery (C.B., C.A.M.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019 Jul;87(1S Suppl 1):S48-S58. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002250.
Packed red blood cells are a critical component in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. The availability of donor-derived blood products, however, suffers from issues of supply, immunogenicity, and pathogenic contamination. Deployment in remote or austere environments, such as the battlefield, is further hindered by the inherent perishability of blood products. To address the significant limitations of allogenic packed red blood cells and the urgent medical need for better resuscitative therapies for both combat casualties and civilians, there has been significant research invested in developing safe, effective, and field deployable artificial oxygen carriers. This article provides a comprehensive review of the most important technologies in the field of artificial oxygen carriers including cell-free and encapsulated hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, perfluorocarbon emulsions, natural hemoglobin alternatives, as well as other novel technologies. Their development status, clinical, and military relevance are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review.
浓缩红细胞是治疗失血性休克复苏的关键组成部分。然而，供体来源的血液制品在供应、免疫原性和病原体污染方面存在问题。在偏远或恶劣的环境（如战场）中部署，进一步受到血液制品固有易腐性的阻碍。为了解决异体浓缩红细胞的重大局限性以及对战斗伤亡人员和平民更好复苏治疗的迫切医疗需求，已经投入了大量研究来开发安全、有效和可在现场部署的人工氧载体。本文全面回顾了人工氧载体领域最重要的技术，包括无细胞和包裹血红蛋白的氧载体、全氟化碳乳剂、天然血红蛋白替代品以及其他新技术。讨论了它们的发展现状、临床和军事相关性。证据水平：系统评价。
