School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Addict Behav. 2019 Nov;98:106019. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.008. Epub 2019 Jun 7.
Daily assessment studies have examined how day specific factors, such as affect, social context, and drinking motives, alongside dispositional drinking motives, predict young adults' drinking. However, these studies did not examine how the interplay between drinking motives (dispositional and day specific) and multiple features of the drinking situation predict drinking with respect to either the initial decision to drink or the quantity of alcohol consumed. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) via smartphone technology, enables us to address this gap by evaluating to what extent dispositional drinking motives and day specific factors are associated with: a) the initiation of drinking episodes and; b) the quantity of alcohol consumed.
Participants were 83 young adults (63 female) aged 18 to 30 (M = 21.42, SD = 3.09) who resided in Australia and participated in an EMA study for 21 days via their smartphone. On a daily basis, participants received three random-interval prompts that measured momentary affect, drinking motives, social context (e.g., people present in the social context and if these individuals are drinking), and alcohol use.
A multilevel hurdle analysis found that young adults were more likely to both initiate a drinking episode and consume a higher quantity of alcohol if they were surrounded by other people who were drinking and were motivated to drink to conform to the reference group.
This study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that different drinking behaviors (i.e., initiation and quantity of alcohol consumed) are associated with a similar set of predictors. Drinking-based interventions that address these risk factors could effectively reduce risky drinking as it would intervene on both the decision to initiate alcohol use, and the decision to continue drinking.
日常评估研究已经考察了特定日子的因素（如情绪、社交环境和饮酒动机）以及倾向饮酒动机如何与年轻人的饮酒行为相关。然而，这些研究并未考察饮酒动机（倾向和特定日子的）与饮酒情境的多个特征之间的相互作用如何预测与最初饮酒决定或饮酒量有关的饮酒行为。通过智能手机技术进行的生态瞬间评估（EMA）使我们能够通过评估倾向饮酒动机和特定日子的因素与以下方面的关联程度来弥补这一差距：a）饮酒事件的开始；b）饮酒量。
参与者为 83 名年龄在 18 至 30 岁之间的澳大利亚年轻人（63 名女性），他们通过智能手机参与了为期 21 天的 EMA 研究。在每天的基础上，参与者会收到三个随机间隔提示，测量即时情绪、饮酒动机、社交环境（例如，社交环境中在场的人以及这些人是否在饮酒）和酒精使用情况。
多层障碍分析发现，如果年轻人周围有其他人在喝酒，并且有迎合参考群体的饮酒动机，他们更有可能开始饮酒和饮用更高量的酒精。
这项研究是同类研究中的首例，证明了不同的饮酒行为（即饮酒开始和饮酒量）与一组相似的预测因素相关。针对这些风险因素的饮酒干预措施可以有效地减少危险饮酒行为，因为它会干预开始饮酒的决定以及继续饮酒的决定。
