Late-Onset and Elderly Psoriatic Arthritis: Clinical Aspects and Management.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) can start in subjects aged over 60 years, defined as late-onset PsA. In late-onset PsA, the weight of family history and genetic background appears less significant when compared with younger onset PsA, whereas obesity and smoking have been suggested as potential risk factors. In patients with late-onset PsA, erosive polyarticular or oligoarticular patterns are more frequent than other phenotypes. Laboratory findings usually show an increase in levels of acute phase reactants, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. The drugs used for the management of young PsA subjects represent the same therapeutic armamentarium used in patients with late-onset disease. However, in elderly subjects, these anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies, including newer biologic therapies, represent an important challenge due to age aspects, increased frequency of comorbidities and associated polypharmacotherapy. There is a need for more evidence around treatment strategy for these patients in order to identify the best balance between the benefits and risks of pharmacological agents. This is important for establishing how treatment should ideally be tailored to the characteristics of any single patient and to the presence of complex age- and disease-related aspects. The objective of this review is to focus on pathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of late-onset PsA and the management of elderly PsA patients.