Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences.
School of Psychology.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2019 Nov;117(5):1016-1033. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000257. Epub 2019 Jul 1.
Open people show greater interest in situations that are complex, novel, and difficult to understand-situations that may also be experienced as confusing. Here we investigate the possibility that openness/intellect is centrally characterized by more positive relations between interest and confusion. Interest and confusion are key states experienced during engagement with information and learning. However, little is known about the within-person relation between them, let alone individual differences in this relation. We tested our hypotheses by making use of different paradigms, stimuli, and participants. Across five studies ( = 640) we tested the relation between openness/intellect and within-person interest-confusion relations in response to art (Study 1); science, philosophy, and art (Study 2); psychology lectures (Study 3); a poem (Study 4); and a complex problem solving task (Study 5). Average interest-confusion relations varied between different studies, but for all studies the distributions of the relations went from highly negative to highly positive-individual differences in direction rather than just degree. In all but 1 study we found consistent support for our hypotheses-openness/intellect is associated with more positive relations between interest and confusion. No other personality domain or intelligence was consistently related to interest-confusion relations. Together, these findings suggest a new phenomenological aspect of being open-curiosity toward confusing situations. Our findings support the link between openness/intellect and sensitivity to the value of complex information, and are discussed with regards to their relevance for engagement with information and learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
开放的人对复杂、新颖和难以理解的情况更感兴趣——这些情况也可能让人感到困惑。在这里，我们研究了开放性/智力的一个可能性，即兴趣和困惑之间存在更积极的关系。兴趣和困惑是在信息和学习参与过程中经历的关键状态。然而，人们对它们之间的内在关系知之甚少，更不用说这种关系的个体差异了。我们通过利用不同的范式、刺激和参与者来检验我们的假设。在五项研究（n=640）中，我们检验了开放性/智力与对艺术（研究 1）、科学、哲学和艺术（研究 2）、心理学讲座（研究 3）、一首诗（研究 4）和一个复杂问题解决任务（研究 5）的反应中的内在兴趣-困惑关系。不同研究中平均兴趣-困惑关系不同，但对于所有研究，关系的分布从高度负相关到高度正相关——个体差异在于方向而不仅仅是程度。除了一项研究外，我们都一致支持我们的假设——开放性/智力与兴趣和困惑之间更积极的关系有关。没有其他人格领域或智力与兴趣-困惑关系始终相关。这些发现共同表明了开放的一个新的现象学方面——对令人困惑的情况的好奇心。我们的发现支持了开放性/智力与对复杂信息价值的敏感性之间的联系，并就其与信息和学习参与的相关性进行了讨论。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
