Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan.
Department of Psychology, University of Otago.
Personal Disord. 2019 Nov;10(6):511-523. doi: 10.1037/per0000345. Epub 2019 Jul 1.
The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) bridges a significant gap in psychiatric nosology by providing trait-based characterizations of psychopathy along with antisocial personality disorder within the Section III alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD). However, the representation of psychopathy in the AMPD has met with some criticisms (Crego & Widiger, 2014; Few, Lynam, Maples, MacKillop, & Miller, 2015). The current study was undertaken to establish an improved means for characterizing psychopathy in DSM-5 Section III terms, by creating scale measures of triarchic psychopathy dimensions using items from the best-established assessment instrument for the AMPD, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Using data from a sample of community adults (N = 210), we employed a construct rating and psychometric refinement approach to develop item-based PID-5 Triarchic scales for measuring psychopathy dimensions of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The validity of the PID-5 Triarchic scales was then evaluated in relation to criteria including other scale measures of the triarchic constructs and psychopathy, self-reported antisocial behavior and substance use, empathy, internalizing and other clinical problems, and personality within the development sample and a separate independent sample of adults (N = 240) recruited to have elevated psychopathic traits. Results of this work provide a foundation for improved characterization of psychopathy in terms of the AMPD trait system and provide a mechanism for future research oriented toward clarifying the developmental interface between childhood conduct disorder and psychopathy, as well as identifying neurobiological correlates of dimensions of psychopathy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
最新版《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（DSM-5）通过在第三部分人格障碍替代模型（AMPD）中提供精神病学分类学中与反社会人格障碍相关的特征型人格障碍（psychopathy）特质描述，填补了该领域的一个重大空白。然而，AMPD 中人格障碍的代表性受到了一些批评（Crego & Widiger, 2014; Few, Lynam, Maples, MacKillop, & Miller, 2015）。本研究旨在通过使用 AMDP 最佳评估工具人格量表 5（PID-5）中的项目，为 DSM-5 第三部分术语中的 psychopathy 建立一个更好的特征描述方法。研究使用了社区成年人群体（N=210）的数据，我们采用了结构评定和心理测量学优化方法，为 AMDP 中用于测量 psychopathy 维度的人格量表 5 三因素量表（PID-5 Triarchic scales）开发项目基础量表。然后，我们根据包括三因素量表和 psychopathy 的其他量表测量、自我报告的反社会行为和物质使用、同理心、内化和其他临床问题以及发展样本中的人格等标准，评估了 PID-5 三因素量表的有效性，并在一个单独的具有高 psychopathy 特质的成年人群体样本（N=240）中进行了验证。这项工作的结果为基于 AMDP 特质系统更好地描述 psychopathy 提供了基础，并为未来的研究提供了一个机制，以澄清儿童品行障碍和 psychopathy 之间的发展界面，并确定 psychopathy 维度的神经生物学相关性。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
