Translational Medicine, EMD Serono, Merck KGaA, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA.
Stem Cells. 2019 Oct;37(10):1273-1280. doi: 10.1002/stem.3051. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
The concept of immunoediting, a process whereby the immune system eliminates immunogenic cancer cell clones, allowing the remaining cells to progress and form a tumor, has evolved with growing appreciation of the importance of cancer ecology on tumor progression. As cancer cells grow and modify their environment, they create spatial and nutrient constraints that may affect not only immune cell function but also differentiation, tipping the balance between cytotoxic and regulatory immunity to facilitate tumor growth. Here, we review how immunometabolism may contribute to cancer escape from the immune system, as well as highlight an emerging role of gut microbiota, its effects on the immune system and on response to immunotherapy. We conclude with a discussion of how these pieces can be integrated to devise better combination therapies and highlight the role of computational approaches as a potential tool to aid in combination therapy design. Stem Cells 2019;37:1273-1280.
免疫编辑的概念是指免疫系统消除免疫原性癌细胞克隆，使剩余细胞得以发展并形成肿瘤的过程。随着对癌症生态系统对肿瘤进展的重要性认识的提高，这一概念也在不断发展。随着癌细胞的生长和改变其环境，它们会产生空间和营养限制，这些限制不仅可能影响免疫细胞的功能，还可能影响分化，从而改变细胞毒性免疫和调节性免疫之间的平衡，以促进肿瘤生长。在这里，我们综述了免疫代谢可能如何有助于癌症逃避免疫系统，并强调了肠道微生物组的新兴作用，及其对免疫系统和对免疫治疗反应的影响。最后，我们讨论了如何将这些因素整合起来设计更好的联合治疗方法，并强调了计算方法作为辅助联合治疗设计的潜在工具的作用。
