Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
Int J Parasitol. 2019 Aug;49(9):715-723. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.04.006. Epub 2019 Jun 30.
Cockroaches are widely perceived to evolve resistance to insecticides. Over-expression of a resistance-conferring gene can be costly and may require energy and resource reallocation for metabolic and developmental processes. To evaluate whether changes in the composition of gut microbiota in Blattella germanica affected its resistance evolution to beta-cypermethrin and to determine the role of gut microbiota in host growth and development, we studied the relationship between insecticide resistance and the diversity and genetic content of gut microbiota in cockroaches. Results suggest beta-cypermethrin-resistant cockroaches (R strain) exhibited a delayed development period and reduced adult longevity compared with susceptible cockroaches (S strain). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and community metagenomics, we found that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Acetobacteraceae were significantly lower in the R strain compared with the S strain in the foregut and midgut of both strains. Functional annotation of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) modules of midgut genes in the two strains revealed that 10.6% were involved in metabolism, while the relative abundance in the R strain was 7.4%. Unigenes were also translated into amino acid sequences and assigned to protein families based on hits to the Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) database. This process identified the glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases and carbohydrate-binding modules of the S strain as all being significantly higher in diversity than those in the R strain. Overall, we conclude that fitness-related costs increased in the resistant strain of cockroaches compared with the susceptible strain, and the variation in insect gut microbiota, especially those related to growth and development, was an important influencing factor.
蟑螂被广泛认为会对杀虫剂产生抗药性。抗性基因的过度表达可能代价高昂，并且可能需要能量和资源重新分配，以进行代谢和发育过程。为了评估德国小蠊肠道微生物区系组成的变化是否影响其对β-氯氰菊酯的抗性进化，并确定肠道微生物区系在宿主生长和发育中的作用，我们研究了杀虫剂抗性与蟑螂肠道微生物区系多样性和遗传内容之间的关系。结果表明，与敏感蟑螂（S 株）相比，抗β-氯氰菊酯蟑螂（R 株）的发育期延长，成虫寿命缩短。基于 16S rRNA 基因测序和群落宏基因组学，我们发现与 S 株相比，R 株在前肠和中肠中的乳杆菌和醋杆菌科的相对丰度明显较低。对两株菌中肠道基因的京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）模块进行功能注释表明，10.6%参与代谢，而 R 株的相对丰度为 7.4%。还将 unigenes 翻译成氨基酸序列，并根据与碳水化合物活性酶（CAZy）数据库的命中情况将其分配到蛋白质家族中。这个过程确定了糖苷水解酶、糖基转移酶和碳水化合物结合模块在 S 株中的多样性均显著高于 R 株。总体而言，我们得出结论，与敏感株相比，抗性株蟑螂的适应性相关成本增加，昆虫肠道微生物区系的变化，特别是与生长和发育相关的变化，是一个重要的影响因素。
