Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 2;11(7):1508. doi: 10.3390/nu11071508.
Although previous studies have shown inverse associations between nut consumption and mortality, the associations between nut consumption and less common causes of mortality have not been investigated. Additionally, about 50% of peanut consumption in the US is through peanut butter but the association between peanut butter consumption and mortality has not been thoroughly evaluated. The National Institutes of Health-AARP (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study recruited 566,398 individuals aged 50-71 at baseline in 1995-1996. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate nut and peanut butter consumption. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mortality using the non-consumers as reference groups and three categories of consumption. After excluding subjects with chronic diseases at baseline, there were 64,464 deaths with a median follow-up time of 15.5 years. We observed a significant inverse association between nut consumption and overall mortality (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.76, 0.81, ≤ 0.001). Nut consumption was significantly associated with reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious, renal and liver disease mortality but not with diabetes or Alzheimer's disease mortality. We observed no significant associations between peanut butter consumption and all-cause (HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.04, = 0.001) and cause-specific mortality. In a middle-aged US population, nut intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and certain types of cause-specific mortality. However, peanut butter consumption was not associated with differential mortality.
尽管先前的研究表明坚果摄入与死亡率呈负相关，但坚果摄入与较少见的死亡原因之间的关联尚未得到研究。此外，美国约有 50%的花生消费是通过花生酱实现的，但花生酱消费与死亡率之间的关联尚未得到充分评估。美国国立卫生研究院-美国退休人员协会（NIH-AARP）饮食与健康研究于 1995 年至 1996 年在基线时招募了 566398 名年龄在 50-71 岁的参与者。使用食物频率问卷评估坚果和花生酱的消费情况。使用 Cox 比例风险模型，使用非消费者作为参考组和三个消费类别，估计死亡率的危险比和 95%置信区间。在排除基线时患有慢性病的受试者后，有 64464 人死亡，中位随访时间为 15.5 年。我们观察到坚果消费与总死亡率之间存在显著的负相关（HR = 0.78，95%CI = 0.76，0.81，≤0.001）。坚果消费与癌症、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、传染病、肾脏和肝脏疾病死亡率降低显著相关，但与糖尿病或阿尔茨海默病死亡率无关。我们没有观察到花生酱消费与全因（HR = 1.00，95%CI = 0.98，1.04，= 0.001）和特定原因死亡率之间存在显著关联。在中年美国人群中，坚果摄入与全因死亡率和某些特定原因死亡率呈负相关。然而，花生酱消费与死亡率的差异无关。
