Hashemian Maryam, Murphy Gwen, Etemadi Arash, Dawsey Sanford M, Liao Linda M, Abnet Christian C
Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; and.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Sep;106(3):858-864. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.159467. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
Nut consumption has been associated with decreased risk of colorectal, endometrial, lung, and pancreatic cancers. Polyphenols, fiber, vitamins, and minerals in nuts may confer this observed protective effect. To our knowledge, no prospective study has evaluated the effect of nut consumption on esophageal and gastric cancers. The objective was to evaluate the associations between nut and peanut butter consumption and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancers and their different subtypes. In this study we used data from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, which enrolled 566,407 persons who were 50-71 y old at baseline (1995-1996). The median follow-up time was 15.5 y. Intakes of nuts and peanut butter were assessed through the use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for esophageal and gastric cancers and their subtypes. We identified 966 incident cases of esophageal adenocarcinomas, 323 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 698 cases of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 732 cases of gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma. Compared with those who did not consume nuts or peanut butter [lowest category of consumption (C0)], participants in the highest category of nut consumption (C3) had a lower risk of developing gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma [C3 compared with C0, HR: 0.73 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.94)]. This inverse association was also seen for peanut butter consumption [C3 compared with C0, HR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.94)]. We observed no significant associations between the highest and lowest intakes of nuts or peanut butter and the risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Among older American adults, both nut and peanut butter consumption were inversely associated with the risk of gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00340015.
食用坚果与降低患结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肺癌和胰腺癌的风险相关。坚果中的多酚、纤维、维生素和矿物质可能赋予这种观察到的保护作用。据我们所知，尚无前瞻性研究评估食用坚果对食管癌和胃癌的影响。目的是评估食用坚果和花生酱与食管癌和胃癌及其不同亚型风险之间的关联。在本研究中，我们使用了美国国立卫生研究院-美国退休人员协会饮食与健康研究的数据，该研究纳入了566,407名基线时（1995 - 1996年）年龄在50 - 71岁的人群。中位随访时间为15.5年。通过使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估坚果和花生酱的摄入量。我们使用Cox比例风险模型来估计食管癌和胃癌及其亚型的风险比（HRs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。我们确定了966例食管腺癌、323例食管鳞状细胞癌、698例贲门胃癌和732例非贲门胃癌的发病病例。与未食用坚果或花生酱的人[最低食用类别（C0）]相比，坚果食用量最高类别（C3）的参与者患非贲门胃癌的风险较低[C3与C0相比，HR：0.73（95% CI：0.57，0.94）]。花生酱食用量也呈现这种负相关[C3与C0相比，HR：0.75（95% CI：0.60，0.94）]。我们未观察到坚果或花生酱最高和最低摄入量与贲门胃癌、食管腺癌或食管鳞状细胞癌风险之间存在显著关联。在年龄较大的美国成年人中，食用坚果和花生酱均与非贲门胃癌风险呈负相关。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov上注册为NCT00340015。
