干细胞调控中的缺氧信号通路：利弊并存。
Hypoxia Signaling Pathway in Stem Cell Regulation: Good and Evil.
作者信息
Huang Xinxin, Trinh Thao, Aljoufi Arafat, Broxmeyer Hal E
机构信息
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
出版信息
Curr Stem Cell Rep. 2018 Jun;4(2):149-157. doi: 10.1007/s40778-018-0127-7. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review summarizes the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the regulation of stem cell biology, specifically focusing on maintenance, differentiation, and stress responses in the context of several stem cell systems. Stem cells for different lineages/tissues reside in distinct niches, and are exposed to diverse oxygen concentrations. Recent studies have revealed the importance of the hypoxia signaling pathway for stem cell functions.
RECENT FINDINGS
Hypoxia and HIFs contribute to maintenance of embryonic stem cells, generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, functionality of hematopoietic stem cells, and survival of leukemia stem cells. Harvest and collection of mouse bone marrow and human cord blood cells in ambient air results in fewer hematopoietic stem cells recovered due to the phenomenon of Extra PHysiologic Oxygen Shock/Stress (EPHOSS).
SUMMARY
Oxygen is an important factor in the stem cell microenvironment. Hypoxia signaling and HIFs play important roles in modeling cellular metabolism in both stem cells and niches to regulate stem cell biology, and represent an additional dimension that allows stem cells to maintain an undifferentiated status and multilineage differentiation potential.
综述目的
本综述总结了缺氧和缺氧诱导因子（HIFs）在干细胞生物学调控中的作用，特别关注了几种干细胞系统背景下的维持、分化和应激反应。不同谱系/组织的干细胞位于不同的微环境中，并暴露于不同的氧浓度下。最近的研究揭示了缺氧信号通路对干细胞功能的重要性。
最新发现
缺氧和HIFs有助于维持胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞的产生、造血干细胞的功能以及白血病干细胞的存活。由于超生理性氧休克/应激（EPHOSS）现象，在环境空气中采集和收集小鼠骨髓和人脐带血细胞会导致回收的造血干细胞数量减少。
总结
氧气是干细胞微环境中的一个重要因素。缺氧信号和HIFs在塑造干细胞和微环境中的细胞代谢以调节干细胞生物学方面发挥着重要作用，并且代表了一个额外的维度，使干细胞能够维持未分化状态和多谱系分化潜能。
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