Critical Reflections on Employment Among Autistic Adults.

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Encouraging efforts have emerged in recent years to study and build employment opportunities for adults on the autism spectrum. In this Perspectives piece, we acknowledge this important work while offering critical reflections for consideration as the field of employment in autism advances. We call for five areas of increased focus: (1) nurturing long-term versus short-term employment success; (2) broadening employment readiness efforts beyond only the individual to the entire community employment ecosystem; (3) providing professional development that starts with an individual's strengths, and not with their disability; (4) building community employment support that can be independent of family support; and (5) striving for a good life versus just the next job. Overall, we aim to help galvanize the field toward greater consideration of individuals' quality of life and development, the broader community ecosystem around individuals and their families, and vocational stability over the life course, all on individuals' own terms.

LAY SUMMARY

Despite encouraging international efforts for the past 15 years to advance employment for autistic adults, a low percentage of autistic adults are employed at any given point in time. Moreover, research shows that some who are employed struggle in their work situations. Our goal is to begin a conversation about what we believe to be promising areas of future focus in advancing employment for autistic adults. We hope that autistic adults and their families, practitioners, researchers, and policy makers find these reflections useful as we work together toward better employment options for adults on the autism spectrum. As advocates, practitioners, researchers, and as a family member for one of us, we believe it is time to look beyond employment statistics and a historically short-term focus on employment. We would like to see a reorientation of our collective energies toward a longer-term view of employment that contributes to a good life for individuals, on their terms. Over the last 15 years, many employment advancement programs for autistic adults have shown promising results. We have seen positive impacts from evaluations of these programs that include improved skills, more hiring of autistic individuals, shifting employer attitudes, more inclusive work environments, and high levels of productivity among hired autistic adults. We also have increased our understanding about the characteristics of supportive work environments for autistic people. That said, we also know that there are continuing low levels of employment for autistic adults. Furthermore, whereas there are some successful stories of autistic adults gaining employment, there are also, as noted earlier, stories of adults who are struggling in the workplace, with some in low-paying jobs and not able to use their skills. We recommend five shifts in focus for the future: (1) nurture long-term rather than short-term employment success; (2) seek community-wide programming to support people on an ongoing basis, as opposed to a more narrow focus on individual-level job readiness; (3) provide professional development that starts with an individual's strengths, and not with their disability; (4) develop more comprehensive and accessible community resources instead of relying on families to offset community service gaps; and (5) uphold the goal of having a good life on one's own terms instead of only getting a job. We hope that these recommendations help spark new conversations and collective approaches toward improving the employment landscape for autistic individuals. These approaches would move beyond a short-term job focus and individual-level readiness programming to also build supportive community ecosystems around individuals over time. In this way, we hope that individuals can more easily achieve employment over the long term that both works for them and contributes to the important and overarching aim of quality of life.