Department of Psychology, Pedagogy, Motor Exercise and Education, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Italian Society of Human Nutrition - SINU, Italy.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Aug;29(8):761-774. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.03.013. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
The present paper aims to identify ongoing multinational surveillance systems (SURSYSs) assessing diet and nutrition targeted to adolescents, including European surveys involving multiple countries and similar initiatives conducted in non-European countries with developed economies, and to describe the dietary assessment methods used.
A total of 13 SURSYSs conducted in Europe, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand were identified. Dietary assessment methods commonly used include 24-h recalls (24H-Rs) and questionnaires or interviews. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are used in combination with 24H-Rs in six SURSYSs: only FFQs are used in four SURSYSs; 24H-Rs only in one system and a 24H-R in combination with a general questionnaire/interview in one SURSYS. Eleven systems collect information also on some dietary habits and ten systems on other nutritional indicators such as anthropometric and/or biochemical measures. The FFQs used are not homogeneous and often include limited food or beverage items such as fruits and vegetables or sugar-sweetened beverages. In seven systems, foods specifically consumed by adolescents, such as fast food or snacks, are not assessed; instead, a total of seven systems collect data on supplement intake and just in very few cases on fats, legumes and/or water.
This study detected considerable variability across the systems identified, suggesting the need for a SURSYS targeted to adolescents that gathers as much as possible complete dietary information, with standardised methodology and regular periodicity. The detailed information provided by this review could be useful to national authorities for the choice of protocols to be applied in their own national surveys.
本研究旨在确定目前正在进行的针对青少年的多国监测系统（SURSYS），包括涉及多个国家的欧洲调查以及在发达经济体的非欧洲国家开展的类似举措，并描述所使用的饮食评估方法。
共确定了 13 项在欧洲、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰进行的 SURSYS。常用的饮食评估方法包括 24 小时回顾法（24H-Rs）和问卷或访谈。在六个 SURSYS 中使用食物频率问卷（FFQs）与 24H-Rs 相结合：仅在四个 SURSYS 中使用 FFQs；仅在一个系统中使用 24H-Rs，在一个 SURSYS 中结合一般问卷/访谈使用 24H-Rs。十一个系统收集有关某些饮食习惯的信息，十个系统收集其他营养指标的信息，如人体测量和/或生化指标。所使用的 FFQs 不统一，通常包括有限的食物或饮料项目，如水果和蔬菜或含糖饮料。在七个系统中，青少年专门食用的食物，如快餐或零食，未被评估；相反，共有七个系统收集关于补充剂摄入的数据，而在极少数情况下收集脂肪、豆类和/或水的数据。
本研究发现所确定的系统之间存在相当大的差异，这表明需要一个针对青少年的 SURSYS，该系统应尽可能收集完整的饮食信息，采用标准化方法和定期进行。本综述提供的详细信息可能对国家当局选择在其本国调查中应用的协议有用。
