Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qing Dao, 266071, China.
Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qing Dao, 266071, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Oct 30;182:109402. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109402. Epub 2019 Jul 4.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They are widely used in industrial and consumer applications. Due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, long-distance migration and toxicity, it is important to find new compounds that can replace PFASs. The present review investigated the sources, fates and environmental effects of alternative PFAS compounds using surveys have been conducted over the past several years. Concentrations of PFAS alternatives in various environmental media, as well as human tissues, are summarized based on the available data. The results showed that hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer (HFPO-DA), hexafluoropropylene trimer acids (HFPO-TA), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA) have become the dominant global perfluorinated pollutants. Currently, there are a few toxicity assessments of these novel fluorinated alternatives, showing that they have systemic multiple organ toxicities. PFAS alternatives exhibited comparable or even more serious potential toxicity than legacy PFASs, indicating that these fluorinated alternatives are also harmful to the environment. Therefore, these alternatives require additional toxicological studies to confirm whether they can be used for a long time.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类新兴的持久性有机污染物（POPs）。它们广泛应用于工业和消费领域。由于其持久性、生物累积性、长距离迁移性和毒性，寻找可以替代 PFAS 的新化合物非常重要。本综述利用过去几年进行的调查，研究了替代 PFAS 化合物的来源、归宿和环境影响。根据现有数据，总结了各种环境介质以及人体组织中替代 PFAS 化合物的浓度。结果表明，六氟丙烯氧化物二聚体（HFPO-DA）、六氟丙烯三聚酸（HFPO-TA）和 6:2 氯代全氟醚磺酸（6:2 Cl-PFESA）已成为全球占主导地位的全氟污染物。目前，对这些新型氟化替代品的毒性评估很少，表明它们具有全身多器官毒性。PFAS 替代品表现出与传统 PFAS 相当或更严重的潜在毒性，表明这些氟化替代品也对环境有害。因此，这些替代品需要进行额外的毒理学研究，以确认它们是否可以长期使用。
