Jackson Brendan R, Chow Nancy, Forsberg Kaitlin, Litvintseva Anastasia P, Lockhart Shawn R, Welsh Rory, Vallabhaneni Snigdha, Chiller Tom
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30346, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2019 Jul 6;5(3):58. doi: 10.3390/jof5030058.
is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast first described in 2009 that has since caused healthcare-associated outbreaks of severe human infections around the world. In some hospitals, it has become a leading cause of invasive candidiasis. is markedly different from most other pathogenic species in its genetics, antifungal resistance, and ability to spread between patients. The reasons why this fungus began spreading widely in the last decade remain a mystery. We examine available data on and related species, including genomic epidemiology, phenotypic characteristics, and sites of detection, to put forth hypotheses on its possible origins. has not been detected in the natural environment; related species have been detected in in plants, insects, and aquatic environments, as well as from human body sites. It can tolerate hypersaline environments and higher temperatures than most species. We explore hypotheses about the pre-emergence niche of , whether in the environmental or human microbiome, and speculate on factors that might have led to its spread, including the possible roles of healthcare, antifungal use, and environmental changes, including human activities that might have expanded its presence in the environment or caused increased human contact.
是一种于2009年首次被描述的新兴多重耐药酵母，自那时起已在全球范围内引发了与医疗保健相关的严重人类感染疫情。在一些医院，它已成为侵袭性念珠菌病的主要病因。在遗传学、抗真菌耐药性以及在患者之间传播的能力方面，它与大多数其他致病性念珠菌物种明显不同。这种真菌在过去十年中开始广泛传播的原因仍是个谜。我们研究了关于该菌及相关物种的现有数据，包括基因组流行病学、表型特征和检测部位，以提出关于其可能起源的假设。在自然环境中尚未检测到该菌；在植物、昆虫和水生环境以及人体部位中检测到了相关物种。它能够耐受高盐环境，并且比大多数念珠菌物种能耐受更高的温度。我们探讨了关于该菌出现之前的生态位的假设，无论是在环境微生物组还是人类微生物组中，并推测了可能导致其传播的因素，包括医疗保健、抗真菌药物使用以及环境变化（包括可能扩大其在环境中的存在或导致人类接触增加的人类活动）可能发挥的作用。
