Ali Akhter, Rahut Dil Bahadur
a Agricultural Economist , International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) , NARC , Islamabad , Pakistan.
b socioeconomic Program , International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center , Mexico City , Mexico.
GM Crops Food. 2018;9(4):199-210. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2018.1544831. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Using data collected from 950 farmers in four provinces of Pakistan i.e. Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Balochistan, the current paper analyzes the farmer's willingness to grow genetically modified (GM) food and cash crop. There exists a huge difference in farmers' perception about GM food and cash crops in Pakistan. In Pakistan, over 90 percent of the farmers were aware of the GM cash crop while only few farmers were aware of GM food crops and vegetables. Empirical results show that majority of the farmers were willing to grow GM cash crops but reluctant to grow the GM food crops and vegetables mainly due to the controversy surrounding the GM food crops. The econometric results illustrate the willingness to grow GM food and cash crop is higher among farm households with large land holdings, secured land rights, higher income levels and larger assets ownership. Result also reveals that farm household NGOs membership negatively affects the willingness of the farmers to grow GM food and cash crops. The access to credit and agricultural extension services do not affect farmer's willingness to grow GM food and cash crops in Pakistan.
利用从巴基斯坦四个省份（即旁遮普省、信德省、开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省（KP）和俾路支省）的950名农民那里收集的数据，本文分析了农民种植转基因食品和经济作物的意愿。巴基斯坦农民对转基因食品和经济作物的认知存在巨大差异。在巴基斯坦，超过90%的农民知晓转基因经济作物，而只有少数农民知晓转基因粮食作物和蔬菜。实证结果表明，大多数农民愿意种植转基因经济作物，但不愿种植转基因粮食作物和蔬菜，主要原因是转基因粮食作物存在争议。计量经济学结果表明，拥有大量土地、土地权有保障、收入水平较高且资产所有权较大的农户种植转基因食品和经济作物的意愿更高。结果还显示，农户加入非政府组织对农民种植转基因食品和经济作物的意愿有负面影响。在巴基斯坦，获得信贷和农业推广服务并不影响农民种植转基因食品和经济作物的意愿。
