Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.
School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
Cell Tissue Res. 2019 Dec;378(3):385-398. doi: 10.1007/s00441-019-03061-3. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
It is largely believed that after undergoing differentiation, adipocytes can no longer divide. Yet, using ceiling culture, it was demonstrated in vitro that some adipocytes are able to regain proliferative abilities by becoming fibroblast-like cells called dedifferentiated adipocytes. Mature adipocytes are abundant, can be easily isolated, and represent a homogenous cell population. Because of these advantageous characteristics, dedifferentiated adipocytes are clinically attractive in tissue engineering as a potential treatment resource for conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiac and kidney diseases, as well as autoimmune diseases. The aim of this review article is to summarize current knowledge on adipocyte dedifferentiation by accurately describing dedifferentiated adipocyte characteristics such as morphological appearance, gene expression, antigen signature, pluripotency, and functionality. Current hypotheses possibly explaining the biological mechanisms and cellular reprogramming of the dedifferentiation process are summarized. Dedifferentiated adipocytes show a stem cell-like antigen profile and genome signature which add to their proliferative capacities and their ability to re-differentiate into diverse cell lineages. The dedifferentiation process likely involves liposecretion, that is, the rapid secretion of the cell's lipid droplet. Dedifferentiated adipocytes may allow development of new uses in tissue engineering.
人们普遍认为，脂肪细胞在分化后就不再分裂了。然而，通过天花板培养技术，在体外证明了一些脂肪细胞可以通过变成称为去分化脂肪细胞的成纤维样细胞来重新获得增殖能力。成熟的脂肪细胞丰富，易于分离，并且代表同质的细胞群体。由于这些有利的特征，去分化脂肪细胞在组织工程中具有临床吸引力，可作为 2 型糖尿病、心脏和肾脏疾病以及自身免疫性疾病等疾病的潜在治疗资源。本文综述的目的是通过准确描述去分化脂肪细胞的特征，如形态外观、基因表达、抗原特征、多能性和功能，总结目前关于脂肪细胞去分化的知识。总结了可能解释去分化过程的生物学机制和细胞重编程的当前假设。去分化脂肪细胞表现出干细胞样抗原特征和基因组特征，这增加了它们的增殖能力和重新分化为多种细胞谱系的能力。去分化过程可能涉及脂分泌，即细胞脂滴的快速分泌。去分化脂肪细胞可能为组织工程的新用途的开发提供了可能。
