Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
Cell. 2022 Feb 3;185(3):419-446. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016.
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
脂肪组织，俗称“脂肪”，是一种极其灵活和多样的器官。虽然历史上被视为能量储存的被动场所，但我们现在认识到，脂肪组织调节着全身生理学的许多方面，包括食物摄入、能量水平的维持、胰岛素敏感性、体温和免疫反应。脂肪组织的一个关键特性是其高度的可塑性。生理刺激会引起脂肪组织代谢、结构和表型的剧烈变化，以满足机体的需求。这种可塑性的限制导致对生理信号的反应减弱或异常，并促使心血管代谢疾病的进展以及肥胖的其他病理后果。
