Caneparo Christophe, Sorroza-Martinez Luis, Chabaud Stéphane, Fradette Julie, Bolduc Stéphane
Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada.
World J Stem Cells. 2021 Oct 26;13(10):1480-1512. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1480.
The genitourinary tract can be affected by several pathologies which require repair or replacement to recover biological functions. Current therapeutic strategies are challenged by a growing shortage of adequate tissues. Therefore, new options must be considered for the treatment of patients, with the use of stem cells (SCs) being attractive. Two different strategies can be derived from stem cell use: Cell therapy and tissue therapy, mainly through tissue engineering. The recent advances using these approaches are described in this review, with a focus on stromal/mesenchymal cells found in adipose tissue. Indeed, the accessibility, high yield at harvest as well as anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory and proangiogenic properties make adipose-derived stromal/SCs promising alternatives to the therapies currently offered to patients. Finally, an innovative technique allowing tissue reconstruction without exogenous material, the self-assembly approach, will be presented. Despite advances, more studies are needed to translate such approaches from the bench to clinics in urology. For the 21 century, cell and tissue therapies based on SCs are certainly the future of genitourinary regenerative medicine.
泌尿生殖道可能会受到多种病理状况的影响，这些病理状况需要进行修复或置换以恢复生物学功能。目前的治疗策略正面临着合适组织日益短缺的挑战。因此，必须为患者的治疗考虑新的选择，使用干细胞颇具吸引力。干细胞的使用可衍生出两种不同的策略：细胞治疗和组织治疗，主要通过组织工程实现。本综述描述了使用这些方法的最新进展，重点关注脂肪组织中发现的基质/间充质细胞。事实上，其易获取性、收获时的高产量以及抗纤维化、免疫调节和促血管生成特性，使脂肪来源的基质/干细胞成为目前为患者提供的治疗方法的有前景的替代方案。最后，将介绍一种无需外源材料即可进行组织重建的创新技术——自组装方法。尽管取得了进展，但仍需要更多研究将此类方法从实验室转化到泌尿外科临床。对于21世纪而言，基于干细胞的细胞和组织治疗无疑是泌尿生殖再生医学的未来。
