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采矿对健康有害:一次探索之旅。

Mining is bad for health: a voyage of discovery.

机构信息

College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK.

出版信息

Environ Geochem Health. 2020 Apr;42(4):1153-1165. doi: 10.1007/s10653-019-00367-7. Epub 2019 Jul 9.


DOI:10.1007/s10653-019-00367-7
PMID:31289975
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7225204/
Abstract

Mining continues to be a dangerous activity, whether large-scale industrial mining or small-scale artisanal mining. Not only are there accidents, but exposure to dust and toxins, along with stress from the working environment or managerial pressures, give rise to a range of diseases that affect miners. I look at mining and health from various personal perspectives: that of the ordinary man (much of life depends on mined elements in the house, car and phone); as a member of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health (environmental contamination and degradation leads to ill health in nearby communities); as a public health doctor (mining health is affected by many factors, usually acting in a mix, ranging from individual inheritance-genetic makeup, sex, age; personal choices-diet, lifestyle; living conditions-employment, war; social support-family, local community; environmental conditions-education, work; to national and international constraints-trade, economy, natural world); as a volunteer (mining health costs are not restricted to miners or industry but borne by everyone who partakes of mining benefits-all of us); and as a lay preacher (the current global economy concentrates on profit at the expense of the health of miners). Partnership working by academics with communities, government and industry should develop evidence-based solutions. Employment, health, economic stability and environmental protection need not be mutually exclusive. We all need to act.

摘要

采矿活动一直以来都是一项危险的活动,无论是大规模的工业采矿还是小规模的手工采矿。不仅存在事故,而且暴露在粉尘和毒素中,以及工作环境或管理压力带来的压力,都会引发一系列影响矿工健康的疾病。我从不同的个人角度看待采矿和健康问题:从普通人的角度来看(生活中的很多方面都依赖于房屋、汽车和手机中的开采元素);作为环境地球化学与健康学会的一员(环境污染和退化导致附近社区健康状况不佳);作为一名公共卫生医生(采矿健康受到许多因素的影响,通常是多种因素混合作用,包括个体遗传组成、性别、年龄;个人选择——饮食、生活方式;生活条件——就业、战争;社会支持——家庭、当地社区;环境条件——教育、工作;以及国家和国际限制——贸易、经济、自然世界);作为一名志愿者(采矿健康成本不仅限于矿工或行业,而是由所有享受采矿利益的人承担——我们所有人);以及作为一名普通传教士(当前的全球经济以牺牲矿工健康为代价专注于利润)。学术界与社区、政府和工业界之间的合作应该制定基于证据的解决方案。就业、健康、经济稳定和环境保护不必相互排斥。我们都需要行动。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2b6f/7225204/4cf9d75f6b8e/10653_2019_367_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2b6f/7225204/4cf9d75f6b8e/10653_2019_367_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2b6f/7225204/4cf9d75f6b8e/10653_2019_367_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Characteristics of particulate-bound mercury at typical sites situated on dust transport paths in China.

Sci Total Environ. 2018-8-11

[2]
Continued Increase in Prevalence of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis in the United States, 1970-2017.

Am J Public Health. 2018-7-19

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BMC Public Health. 2018-7-11

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Environ Int. 2018-6-27

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Toxicol Lett. 2018-6-9

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BMC Womens Health. 2018-5-1

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Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2018-7

[10]
Potential harmful elements in coal dust and human health risk assessment near the mining areas in Cherat, Pakistan.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018-3-12

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