School of Chemistry, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt., Solan, 173229, HP, India.
Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2019 Jul 10;17(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12951-019-0516-9.
Nanoceria has recently received much attention, because of its widespread biomedical applications, including antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activity, drug/gene delivery systems, anti-diabetic property, and tissue engineering.
Nanoceria exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In healthy cells, it acts as an antioxidant by scavenging ROS (at physiological pH). Thus, it protects them, while in cancer cells (under low pH environment) it acts as pro-oxidant by generating ROS and kills them. Nanoceria has also been effectively used as a carrier for targeted drug and gene delivery in vitro and in vivo models. Besides, nanoceria can also act as an antidiabetic agent and confer protection towards diabetes-associated organ pathophysiology via decreasing the ROS level in diabetic subjects. Nanoceria also possesses excellent potential in the field of tissue engineering. In this review, firstly, we have discussed the different methods used for the synthesis of nanoceria as these are very important to control the size, shape and Ce/Ce ratio of the particles upon which the physical, chemical, and biological properties depend. Secondly, we have extensively reviewed the different biomedical applications of nanoceria with probable mechanisms based on the literature reports.
The outcome of this review will improve the understanding about the different synthetic procedures and biomedical applications of nanoceria, which should, in turn, lead to the design of novel clinical interventions associated with various health disorders.
由于纳米氧化铈在抗菌、抗氧化和抗癌活性、药物/基因传递系统、抗糖尿病特性和组织工程等广泛的生物医学应用，最近受到了广泛关注。
纳米氧化铈通过生成活性氧物种 (ROS) 表现出对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的优异抗菌活性。在健康细胞中，它作为抗氧化剂通过清除 ROS（在生理 pH 值下）发挥作用。因此，它保护它们，而在癌细胞（在低 pH 环境下）中，它通过生成 ROS 作为促氧化剂发挥作用并杀死它们。纳米氧化铈还已被有效地用作体外和体内模型中靶向药物和基因传递的载体。此外，纳米氧化铈还可以作为抗糖尿病剂，通过降低糖尿病患者体内的 ROS 水平，对与糖尿病相关的器官病理生理学提供保护。纳米氧化铈在组织工程领域也具有优异的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了用于合成纳米氧化铈的不同方法，因为这些方法对于控制颗粒的大小、形状和 Ce/Ce 比非常重要，而这些因素又取决于颗粒的物理、化学和生物学性质。其次，我们根据文献报道，广泛综述了纳米氧化铈的不同生物医学应用及其可能的机制。
本文的综述结果将提高对纳米氧化铈的不同合成程序和生物医学应用的理解，这反过来又将导致与各种健康障碍相关的新型临床干预措施的设计。
