Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Andrology. 2020 Jan;8(1):154-159. doi: 10.1111/andr.12677. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
Diet plays an important role in health and is a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. In men, sex steroid hormones influence, and are influenced by, a number of health states. Specific dietary patterns have been found to alter sex steroid hormone levels in observational and intervention studies. Thus, we hypothesized that dietary patterns captured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) are associated with serum concentrations of sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).
The objective is investigating the association between HEI and sex steroid hormones and SHBG in a general US population of men.
We used data on serum sex steroid hormones and SHBG levels, HEI, and other variables collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2002. A total of 550 men >20 years old were included in the analysis. The cross-sectional associations between HEI (from 0 to 100 points, higher score equates to a healthier diet) with natural logarithm transformed concentrations of total and free testosterone, total and free estradiol, and SHBG were evaluated with multivariable linear regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. We also stratified by the body mass index (BMI) and race/ethnicity and tested for interactions.
HEI showed a significant inverse association with free estradiol (p = 0.03), but was not associated with total or free testosterone, total estradiol, or SHBG concentrations. Neither BMI nor race/ethnicity statistically significantly modified the association between HEI and sex steroid hormone levels.
The present cross-sectional analysis in a representative sample of US men showed no consistent association between eating habits, sex steroid hormones, and SHBG. Longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate potential associations.
饮食对健康起着重要作用，是慢性病的可改变风险因素。在男性中，性激素会影响许多健康状况，也会受到这些健康状况的影响。观察性研究和干预性研究发现，特定的饮食模式会改变性激素水平。因此，我们假设健康饮食指数（HEI）所捕捉到的饮食模式与血清性激素和性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）浓度有关。
本研究旨在调查一般美国男性人群中 HEI 与性激素和 SHBG 之间的关系。
我们使用了 1999-2002 年国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）中收集的血清性激素和 SHBG 水平、HEI 及其他变量的数据。共纳入 550 名年龄>20 岁的男性进行分析。使用多变量线性回归模型评估 HEI（从 0 到 100 分，得分越高表示饮食越健康）与自然对数转换的总睾酮、游离睾酮、总雌二醇、游离雌二醇和 SHBG 浓度之间的横断面关联，并调整了潜在混杂因素。我们还按体重指数（BMI）和种族/民族进行了分层，并检验了交互作用。
HEI 与游离雌二醇呈显著负相关（p=0.03），但与总睾酮、游离睾酮、总雌二醇或 SHBG 浓度无关。BMI 和种族/民族均未显著改变 HEI 与性激素水平之间的关联。
本研究在具有代表性的美国男性样本中进行的横断面分析显示，饮食习惯、性激素和 SHBG 之间没有一致的关联。需要进行纵向研究以进一步探讨潜在的关联。
