Fung Teresa T, Hu Frank B, Barbieri Robert L, Willett Walter C, Hankinson Susan E
Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Int J Cancer. 2007 Aug 15;121(4):803-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22728.
To evaluate the association between overall diet and sex hormones concentrations, we collected blood from 578 postmenopausal women ages 43 and 69 years in 1989 or 1990. Food intake was measured in 1990 via a food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. The cross-sectional association between diet and estrogens, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were evaluated with linear regression and adjusted for energy and other potential confounders. We found a higher AHEI score was associated with lower concentrations of estradiol, free estradiol, and higher concentrations of SHBG. The prudent pattern, with higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, was not associated with any sex hormones. The Western pattern, which represents higher intakes of red and processed meats, refined grains, sweets and desserts, was associated with a higher level of estradiol and lower concentrations of SHBG. Further adjustment for BMI attenuated these results except for free estradiol (5th vs. 1st quintile = 0.09 vs. 0.11 pg/mL, p for trend = 0.03). In addition, the AHEI was inversely associated with estradiol among those with BMI > 25, and Western pattern with SHBG among those with BMI < 25. In conclusion, we observed inverse associations between the AHEI score and several estrogens, and it was positively associated with plasma levels of SHBG. In contrast, the Western pattern was positively associated with estrogen levels and inversely with SHBG. However, these associations appeared to be largely accounted for by BMI.
为评估总体饮食与性激素浓度之间的关联，我们于1989年或1990年收集了578名年龄在43至69岁之间的绝经后女性的血液。1990年通过食物频率问卷测量食物摄入量。我们计算了替代健康饮食指数（AHEI），并通过因子分析确定饮食模式。通过线性回归评估饮食与雌激素、性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）之间的横断面关联，并对能量和其他潜在混杂因素进行校正。我们发现较高的AHEI得分与较低的雌二醇、游离雌二醇浓度以及较高的SHBG浓度相关。富含水果、蔬菜和全谷物的谨慎饮食模式与任何性激素均无关联。代表红肉、加工肉类、精制谷物、糖果和甜点摄入量较高的西方饮食模式与较高水平的雌二醇和较低的SHBG浓度相关。除游离雌二醇外（第5分位数与第1分位数分别为0.09与0.11 pg/mL，趋势p值 = 0.03），对体重指数（BMI）进行进一步校正后这些结果有所减弱。此外，在BMI > 25的人群中，AHEI与雌二醇呈负相关；在BMI < 25的人群中，西方饮食模式与SHBG呈负相关。总之，我们观察到AHEI得分与几种雌激素之间呈负相关，且与SHBG的血浆水平呈正相关。相比之下，西方饮食模式与雌激素水平呈正相关，与SHBG呈负相关。然而，这些关联似乎很大程度上由BMI所解释。
