Weerdmeester Joanneke, Lange Wolf-Gero
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 21;10:1325. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01325. eCollection 2019.
In general, human beings tend to try and reconnect after they have been socially rejected. It is not clear, however, which role the number of rejecters and rejection sensitivity plays. In addition, it is unclear whether the supposed pro-social behaviors are aimed at the rejecters or at innocent individuals. By means of a new paradigm, the present pilot study investigated compensatory behavior of individuals with varying degrees of social anxiety, following varying degrees of rejection. In addition, it was explored toward whom their behavior was directed: rejecters or innocent individuals. Female students ( = 34) were assessed on their degree of social anxiety and then, based on a personal profile they wrote, they were either rejected by 1, 2, or 3 fictional other participants or completely accepted. Afterward, the participants had to explicitly rate the creativity of drawings made by the others and, in a pro-social reward paradigm, awarded the other participants money based on their creativity rating. In addition, implicit social approach tendencies toward photos of rejecters, acceptors, or innocent individuals were assessed by means of an approach-avoidance task. The results confirmed that people with a low degree of social anxiety respond to rejection in a compensatory pro-social manner explicitly as well as implicitly, but that people with a high degree of social anxiety fail to do so. With regard to sources of rejection, only implicit approach-avoidance tendencies reflected a distinction between rejecters and innocent individuals. Theoretical implications are discussed in the light of the small sample size and other limitations.
一般来说，人类在经历社会排斥后往往会试图重新建立联系。然而，尚不清楚排斥者的数量和排斥敏感性起到了何种作用。此外，也不清楚所假定的亲社会行为是针对排斥者还是无辜个体。通过一种新的范式，本初步研究调查了不同程度社交焦虑的个体在经历不同程度的排斥后的补偿行为。此外，还探究了他们的行为是针对谁：排斥者还是无辜个体。对34名女学生的社交焦虑程度进行了评估，然后根据她们所写的个人简介，她们要么被1名、2名或3名虚构的其他参与者排斥，要么被完全接受。之后，参与者必须明确评价其他人所画图画的创造力，并在亲社会奖励范式中，根据他们的创造力评价给其他参与者金钱奖励。此外，通过趋近-回避任务评估了对排斥者、接受者或无辜个体照片的内隐社交趋近倾向。结果证实，社交焦虑程度低的人会以明确和内隐的补偿性亲社会方式对排斥做出反应，但社交焦虑程度高的人则不会。关于排斥的来源，只有内隐趋近-回避倾向反映出排斥者和无辜个体之间的区别。鉴于样本量小和其他局限性，对理论意义进行了讨论。
