Roque Edelín, Gómez-Mena Concepción, Hamza Rim, Beltrán José Pío, Cañas Luis A
Department of Plant Development and Hormone Action, Biology and Biotechnology of Reproductive Development, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Jun 25;10:819. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00819. eCollection 2019.
Genetic engineered male sterility has different applications, ranging from hybrid seed production to bioconfinement of transgenes in genetic modified crops. The impact of this technology is currently patent in a wide range of crops, including legumes, which has helped to deal with the challenges of global food security. Production of engineered male sterile plants by expression of a ribonuclease gene under the control of an anther- or pollen-specific promoter has proven to be an efficient way to generate pollen-free elite cultivars. In the last years, we have been studying the genetic control of flower development in legumes and several genes that are specifically expressed in a determinate floral organ were identified. () is a pea anther-specific gene displaying very early expression in the anther primordium cells. This expression pattern has been assessed in both model plants and crops (tomato, tobacco, oilseed rape, rice, wheat) using genetic constructs carrying the promoter fused to the reporter gene. This promoter fused to the gene produces full anther ablation at early developmental stages, preventing the production of mature pollen grains in all plant species tested. Additional effects produced by the early anther ablation in the :: plants, with interesting biotechnological applications, have also been described, such as redirection of resources to increase vegetative growth, reduction of the need for deadheading to extend the flowering period, or elimination of pollen allergens in ornamental plants (). Moreover, early anther ablation in transgenic tomato plants promotes the developing of the ovaries into parthenocarpic fruits due to the absence of signals generated during the fertilization process and can be considered an efficient tool to promote fruit set and to produce seedless fruits. In legumes, the production of new hybrid cultivars will contribute to enhance yield and productivity by exploiting the hybrid vigor generated. The construct could be also useful to generate parental lines in hybrid breeding approaches to produce new cultivars in different legume species.
基因工程雄性不育有不同的应用，从杂交种子生产到转基因作物中转基因的生物限制。这项技术的影响目前在包括豆类在内的多种作物中获得了专利，这有助于应对全球粮食安全挑战。通过在花药或花粉特异性启动子的控制下表达核糖核酸酶基因来生产基因工程雄性不育植物，已被证明是培育无花粉优良品种的有效方法。在过去几年中，我们一直在研究豆类花发育的遗传控制，并鉴定了几个在特定花器官中特异性表达的基因。（）是一个豌豆花药特异性基因，在花药原基细胞中表现出非常早期的表达。使用携带与报告基因融合的启动子的基因构建体，已在模式植物和作物（番茄、烟草、油菜、水稻、小麦）中评估了这种表达模式。与基因融合的这个启动子在早期发育阶段导致完全的花药消融，阻止了所有测试植物物种中成熟花粉粒的产生。还描述了在::植物中早期花药消融产生的其他影响，这些影响具有有趣的生物技术应用，例如资源重新分配以增加营养生长、减少去头以延长花期的需求，或消除观赏植物中的花粉过敏原（）。此外，转基因番茄植株中的早期花药消融由于受精过程中产生的信号缺失，促进子房发育成单性结实果实，并且可以被认为是促进坐果和生产无籽果实的有效工具。在豆类中，新杂交品种的生产将通过利用产生的杂种优势来提高产量和生产力。构建体在杂交育种方法中产生亲本系以培育不同豆类物种的新品种方面也可能有用。
