Thoré Eli S J, Grégoir Arnout F, Adriaenssens Bart, Philippe Charlotte, Stoks Robby, Brendonck Luc, Pinceel Tom
Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
PeerJ. 2019 Jun 27;7:e7177. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7177. eCollection 2019.
Variation in life-history strategies along a slow-fast continuum is largely governed by life-history trade-offs. The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis (POLS) expands on this idea and suggests coevolution of these traits with personality and physiology at different levels of biological organization. However, it remains unclear to what extent covariation at different levels aligns and if also behavioral patterns such as diurnal activity changes should be incorporated. Here, we investigate variation in life-history traits as well as behavioral variation at the individual, sex and population level in the Turquoise killifish . We performed a common garden laboratory experiment with four populations that differ in pond permanence and scored life-history and behavioral (co-) variation at the individual and population level for both males and females. In addition, we focused on diurnal activity change as a behavioral trait that remains understudied in ecology. Our results demonstrate sex-specific variation in adult body size and diurnal activity change among populations that originate from ponds with differences in permanence. However, there was no pond permanence-dependent divergence in maturation time, juvenile growth rate, fecundity and average activity level. With regard to behavior, individuals differed consistently in locomotor activity and diurnal activity change while, in contrast with POLS predictions, we found no indications for life-history and behavioral covariation at any level. Overall, this study illustrates that diurnal activity change differs consistently between individuals, sexes and populations although this variation does not appear to match POLS predictions.
沿着慢-快连续体的生活史策略变化在很大程度上受生活史权衡的支配。生活节奏综合征假说（POLS）在此基础上进一步拓展，提出这些性状在生物组织的不同层次上与个性和生理共同进化。然而，不同层次的协变在多大程度上是一致的，以及诸如昼夜活动变化等行为模式是否也应纳入其中，仍不清楚。在这里，我们研究了绿松石鳉在个体、性别和种群水平上的生活史特征变化以及行为变化。我们对四个在池塘永久性方面存在差异的种群进行了共同花园实验室实验，并对雄性和雌性个体及种群水平上的生活史和行为（协）变进行了评分。此外，我们将昼夜活动变化作为一种在生态学中仍未得到充分研究的行为特征进行了重点关注。我们的结果表明，来自永久性不同池塘的种群在成年个体大小和昼夜活动变化方面存在性别特异性差异。然而，在成熟时间、幼体生长速率、繁殖力和平均活动水平方面，没有发现依赖于池塘永久性的差异。在行为方面，个体在运动活动和昼夜活动变化上始终存在差异，而与POLS预测相反，我们在任何水平上都没有发现生活史和行为协变的迹象。总体而言，这项研究表明，尽管这种变化似乎与POLS预测不匹配，但昼夜活动变化在个体、性别和种群之间始终存在差异。
