Institute for Health and Social Policy , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 1A3 , Canada.
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Occupational Health , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 1A2 , Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Aug 6;53(15):9306-9316. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02061. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
We evaluated whether an energy package comprising a low-polluting semigasifier cookstove with chimney, water heater, and pelletized biomass fuel would improve air pollution in China. We measured the stove use, 48-h air pollution exposures (PM, black carbon), and kitchen concentrations (PM, black carbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides) for 205 women, along with ambient PM. Over half ( = 125) were offered the energy package after baseline assessment, forming "treated" and "untreated" groups, and we repeated the measurements up to 3 occasions over 18-months. Kitchen carbon monoxide did not change, and nitrogen oxides increased in summer but decreased in winter for both groups. Summer geometric mean exposures and kitchen concentrations of PM and black carbon decreased by 24-67% in women who received the energy package, but greater reductions (48-70%) were observed in untreated homes, likely due to increased use of gas stoves. After adjusting for differences in outdoor PM, receiving the energy package was associated with decreased winter exposures to PM (-46%; 95% CI: -70, -2) and black carbon (-55%; -74, -25) and the summer increases were smaller (PM: 8%; -22, 51 and black carbon: 37%; -12, 113). However, PM exposures remained 1.5-3 times higher than those of health-based international air pollution targets.
我们评估了一个能源包（包括带烟囱的低污染半气化炉灶、热水器和颗粒状生物质燃料）是否能改善中国的空气污染。我们测量了 205 名妇女的炉灶使用情况、48 小时的空气污染暴露（PM、黑碳）和厨房浓度（PM、黑碳、一氧化碳、氮氧化物），以及环境 PM。超过一半（=125 人）在基线评估后获得了能源包，形成了“治疗”和“未治疗”组，我们在 18 个月内重复了多达 3 次测量。厨房一氧化碳没有变化，两组的氮氧化物在夏季增加，但在冬季减少。接受能源包的妇女夏季 PM 和黑碳的几何平均暴露和厨房浓度降低了 24-67%，但未治疗家庭的降幅更大（48-70%），可能是由于煤气炉使用增加。在调整了户外 PM 的差异后，接受能源包与冬季 PM（-46%；95%CI：-70，-2）和黑碳（-55%；-74，-25）暴露的减少有关，夏季的增加幅度较小（PM：8%；-22，51 和黑碳：37%；-12，113）。然而，PM 暴露仍然是健康相关国际空气污染目标的 1.5-3 倍。
