Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 11;14(7):e0212244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212244. eCollection 2019.
Two dimensions of temperament, namely, (high levels of) novelty seeking and (low levels of) harm avoidance are related to substance addictions. However, their implications for smartphone addiction remain unexplored. Medical students are heavy smartphone users. Accordingly, screening for the risk of smartphone addiction based on individual differences in temperament can facilitate the identification of the best possible prevention strategy. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between temperament and the vulnerability to smartphone addiction among medical students in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research study adopted a cross-sectional research design and used a simple random sampling technique. The Indonesian versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Smartphone Addiction Scale were used to measure the study variables. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between demographic factors, patterns of smartphone use, temperament, and vulnerability to smartphone addiction. A majority of the 185 participants were found to have the following temperament profile: low levels of novelty seeking and high levels of reward dependence and harm avoidance. The average duration of daily smartphone use was 7.83 hours (SD = 4.03) and the age at first smartphone use was 7.62 years (SD = 2.60). The respondents used smartphone to communicate with other people and access social media. A high level of harm avoidance was significantly associated with the risk of smartphone addiction (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.04, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.12, 3.70). The findings suggest that smartphone addiction is comparable to other addictive behaviors. Further, harm avoidance increases the risk of smartphone addiction. Therefore, the risk of smartphone addiction among medical students must be ascertained based on their temperament profiles.
两种气质维度，即（高水平的）寻求新奇和（低水平的）回避伤害，与物质成瘾有关。然而，它们对智能手机成瘾的影响仍未得到探索。医学生是重度智能手机使用者。因此，基于个体气质差异对智能手机成瘾风险进行筛查，可以促进确定最佳预防策略。因此，本研究旨在探讨印度尼西亚雅加达医学生的气质与智能手机成瘾易感性之间的关系。本研究采用横断面研究设计，并采用简单随机抽样技术。使用印尼版的气质与性格量表和智能手机成瘾量表来测量研究变量。采用逻辑回归分析来检验人口统计学因素、智能手机使用模式、气质与智能手机成瘾易感性之间的关系。研究发现，185 名参与者中的大多数人具有以下气质特征：寻求新奇的水平较低，奖赏依赖和回避伤害的水平较高。他们每天使用智能手机的平均时长为 7.83 小时（SD = 4.03），首次使用智能手机的年龄为 7.62 岁（SD = 2.60）。受访者使用智能手机与他人交流和访问社交媒体。高水平的回避伤害与智能手机成瘾的风险显著相关（优势比[OR] = 2.04，95%置信区间[CI] = 1.12，3.70）。研究结果表明，智能手机成瘾与其他成瘾行为相当。此外，回避伤害会增加智能手机成瘾的风险。因此，必须根据医学生的气质特征来确定他们患智能手机成瘾的风险。
