Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
Curr Opin Virol. 2019 Aug;37:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.06.003. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
The enteric virome consists largely of bacteriophages and prophages related to commensal bacteria. Bacteriophages indirectly affect the host immune system by targeting their associated bacteria; however, studies suggest that bacteriophages also have distinct pathways that enable them to interact directly with the host. Eukaryotic viruses are less abundant than bacteriophages but are more efficient in the stimulation of host immune responses. Acute, permanent, and latent viral infections are detected by different types of pattern recognition receptors and induce host immune responses, including the antiviral type I interferon response. Understanding the complex interplay between commensal microorganisms and the host immune system is a prerequisite to elucidating their role in intestinal diseases.
肠病毒组主要由与共生菌相关的噬菌体和原噬菌体组成。噬菌体通过靶向其相关细菌间接影响宿主免疫系统；然而，研究表明噬菌体也有独特的途径使它们能够直接与宿主相互作用。真核病毒比噬菌体少，但在刺激宿主免疫反应方面更有效。不同类型的模式识别受体检测到急性、永久性和潜伏性病毒感染，并诱导宿主免疫反应，包括抗病毒 I 型干扰素反应。了解共生微生物和宿主免疫系统之间的复杂相互作用是阐明它们在肠道疾病中的作用的前提。
