The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2018 Nov;26(11):943-954. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.009. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
Recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the human microbiota. Although commensal bacteria have dominated research efforts to date, mounting evidence suggests that endogenous viral populations (the 'virome') play key roles in basic human physiology. The most numerous constituents of the human virome are not eukaryotic viruses but rather bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria. Here, we review phages' interactions with their immediate (prokaryotic) and extended (eukaryotic) hosts and with each other, with a particular emphasis on the temperate phages and prophages which dominate the human virome. We also discuss key outstanding questions in this emerging field and emphasize the urgent need for functional studies in animal models to complement previous in vitro work and current computational approaches.
近年来，人们对人类微生物组的兴趣呈爆炸式增长。尽管共生细菌一直主导着迄今为止的研究工作，但越来越多的证据表明，内源性病毒群体（即“病毒组”）在人体生理学中发挥着关键作用。人类病毒组中数量最多的成分不是真核病毒，而是噬菌体，即感染细菌的病毒。在这里，我们回顾了噬菌体与其直接（原核）和扩展（真核）宿主以及彼此之间的相互作用，特别强调了占主导地位的温和噬菌体和原噬菌体。我们还讨论了这一新兴领域中的关键悬而未决的问题，并强调迫切需要在动物模型中进行功能研究，以补充以前的体外工作和当前的计算方法。
