Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China.
School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2019 Jun 24;14:4601-4611. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S206561. eCollection 2019.
The ratio of Ce/Ce in their structure confers unique functions on cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) containing rare earth elements in scavenging free radicals and protecting against oxidative damage. The potential of CeONPs to protect testosterone synthesis in primary mouse Leydig cells during exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation was examined in vitro. Leydig cells were treated with different concentrations of CeONPs to identify the optimum concentration for cell proliferation. The cells were pretreated with the optimum dose of CeONPs for 24 hrs and then exposed to 1,800 MHz RF at a power density of 200.27 µW/cm (specific absorption rate (SAR), 0.116 W/kg) for 1 hr, 2 hrs, or 4 hrs. The medium was used to measure the testosterone concentration. The cells were collected to determine the antioxidant indices (catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], and total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC]), and the mRNA expression of the testosterone synthase genes (, and ) and clock genes (, and ). Our preliminary result showed that 128 μg/mL CeONPs was the optimum dose for cell proliferation. Cells exposed to RF alone showed reduced levels of testosterone, T-AOC, and CAT activities, increased MDA content, and the downregulated genes expression of , and . Pretreatment of the cells with 128 μg/mL CeONPs for 24 hrs followed by RF exposure significantly increased testosterone synthesis, upregulated the expression of the testosterone synthase and clock genes, and increased the resistance to oxidative damage in Leydig cells compared with those in cells exposed to RF alone. Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF had adverse effects on testosterone synthesis, antioxidant levels, and clock gene expression in primary Leydig cells. Pretreatment with CeONPs prevented the adverse effects on testosterone synthesis induced by RF exposure by regulating their antioxidant capacity and clock gene expression in vitro. Further studies of the mechanism underlying the protective function of CeONPs against RF in the male reproductive system are required.
其结构中的铈/铈比例赋予了含有稀土元素的氧化铈纳米粒子（CeONPs）独特的功能，可清除自由基并防止氧化损伤。本研究旨在体外探讨 CeONPs 对 1800MHz 射频（RF）辐射暴露下原代小鼠 Leydig 细胞中睾酮合成的保护作用。用不同浓度的 CeONPs 处理 Leydig 细胞，以确定促进细胞增殖的最佳浓度。用最佳剂量的 CeONPs 预处理细胞 24 小时，然后以 200.27µW/cm²的功率密度（比吸收率（SAR）为 0.116W/kg）将细胞暴露于 1800MHz RF 下 1 小时、2 小时或 4 小时。收集培养基以测量睾酮浓度。收集细胞以测定抗氧化指标（过氧化氢酶[CAT]、丙二醛[MDA]和总抗氧化能力[T-AOC]），以及睾酮合成酶基因（和）和时钟基因（和）的 mRNA 表达。我们的初步结果表明，128μg/mL CeONPs 是促进细胞增殖的最佳剂量。单独暴露于 RF 的细胞显示睾酮、T-AOC 和 CAT 活性降低，MDA 含量增加，以及和基因表达下调。用 128μg/mL CeONPs 预处理细胞 24 小时，然后暴露于 RF 下，可显著增加睾酮合成，上调睾酮合成酶和时钟基因的表达，并增强 Leydig 细胞的抗氧化损伤能力，与单独暴露于 RF 的细胞相比。1800MHz RF 暴露对原代 Leydig 细胞的睾酮合成、抗氧化水平和时钟基因表达有不良影响。CeONPs 预处理可通过调节其抗氧化能力和时钟基因表达来防止 RF 暴露引起的睾酮合成不良。需要进一步研究 CeONPs 在男性生殖系统中对 RF 具有保护作用的机制。
