Dodig Dejan, Božinović Sofija, Nikolić Ana, Zorić Miroslav, Vančetović Jelena, Ignjatović-Micić Dragana, Delić Nenad, Weigelt-Fischer Kathleen, Junker Astrid, Altmann Thomas
Department for Research and Development, Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia.
Department for Maize, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Jun 26;10:814. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00814. eCollection 2019.
Phenotypic measurements under controlled cultivation conditions are essential to gain a mechanistic understanding of plant responses to environmental impacts and thus for knowledge-based improvement of their performance under natural field conditions. Twenty maize inbred lines (ILs) were phenotyped in response to two levels of water and nitrogen supply (control and stress) and combined nitrogen and water deficit. Over a course of 5 weeks (from about 4-leaf stage to the beginning of the reproductive stage), maize phenology and growth were monitored by using a high-throughput phenotyping platform for daily acquisition of images in different spectral ranges. The focus of the present study is on the measurements taken at the time of maximum water stress (for traits that reflect plant physiological properties) and at the end of the experiment (for traits that reflect plant architectural and biomass-related traits). Twenty-five phenotypic traits extracted from the digital image data that support biological interpretation of plant growth were selected for their predictive value for mid-season shoot biomass accumulation. Measured fresh and dry weights after harvest were used to calculate various indices (water-use efficiency, physiological nitrogen-use efficiency, specific plant weight) and to establish correlations with image-derived phenotypic features. Also, score indices based on dry weight were used to identify contrasting ILs in terms of productivity and tolerance to stress, and their means for image-derived and manually measured traits were compared. Color-related traits appear to be indicative of plant performance and photosystem II operating efficiency might be an importance physiological parameter of biomass accumulation, particularly under severe stress conditions. Also, genotypes showing greater leaf area may be better adapted to abiotic stress conditions.
在可控栽培条件下进行表型测量对于深入了解植物对环境影响的反应机制至关重要，从而有助于在自然田间条件下基于知识提升其性能。对20个玉米自交系（ILs）进行了表型分析，以研究两种水分和氮素供应水平（对照和胁迫）以及氮素和水分联合亏缺的影响。在5周的时间里（从大约4叶期到生殖期开始），使用高通量表型分析平台监测玉米物候和生长情况，以便每天获取不同光谱范围的图像。本研究的重点是在最大水分胁迫时（针对反映植物生理特性的性状）和实验结束时（针对反映植物结构和生物量相关性状的性状）所进行的测量。从数字图像数据中提取了25个支持植物生长生物学解释的表型性状，因其对中期地上部生物量积累具有预测价值而被选中。收获后测量的鲜重和干重用于计算各种指标（水分利用效率、生理氮素利用效率、比植株重量），并建立与图像衍生表型特征的相关性。此外，基于干重的评分指数用于识别在生产力和胁迫耐受性方面具有差异的ILs，并比较它们在图像衍生性状和人工测量性状方面的均值。与颜色相关的性状似乎可以指示植物性能，光合系统II的运行效率可能是生物量积累的一个重要生理参数，尤其是在严重胁迫条件下。此外，叶面积较大的基因型可能更能适应非生物胁迫条件。
