El Arnaout Nour, Rutherford Spencer, Zreik Thurayya, Nabulsi Dana, Yassin Nasser, Saleh Shadi
1Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020 Lebanon.
2Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020 Lebanon.
Confl Health. 2019 Jun 27;13:31. doi: 10.1186/s13031-019-0211-3. eCollection 2019.
Health needs of displaced Syrians in refugee hosting countries have become increasingly complex in light of the protracted Syrian conflict. The primary aim of this study was to identify the primary health needs of displaced Syrians in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, and Syria.
A systematic review was performed using 6 electronic databases, and multiple grey literature sources. Title, abstract, and full text screening were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The target population was Syrian individuals displaced due to conflict in Syria and its neighboring countries. The outcomes of interest were health needs (i.e. health problems that can be addressed by health services), gaps in health services, training, and workforce. Studies on mixed refugee populations and Syrians displaced prior to the conflict were excluded.
The Lebanon-specific results of the review were validated through two stakeholder roundtable discussions conducted with representatives from primary healthcare centers, non-governmental organizations and humanitarian aid agencies. A total of 63 articles were included in the analysis. Mental health and women's health were identified as the greatest health needs in the region. The most common health problems were Non-communicable diseases in Jordan, women's health in Lebanon and mental health in Turkey. Studies addressing gaps in services found the highest gap in general healthcare services, followed by women's health, mental health, and vaccinations. Sub-optimal training and availability of health workers was also noted particularly in Syria.Results from the stakeholders' discussions in Lebanon showed communicable diseases, women's health and mental health as the main health needs of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Reported barriers to accessing health services included geographical barriers and lack of necessary awareness and education.
There is a need for an enhanced synchronized approach in Syria's refugee hosting neighboring countries to reduce the existing gaps in responding to the needs of Syrian refugees, especially in regards to women's health, mental health, and communicable diseases. This mainly includes training of healthcare workers to ensure a skilled workforce and community-based efforts to overcome barriers to access, including lack of knowledge and awareness about highly prevalent health conditions.
鉴于叙利亚冲突的持久化，叙利亚难民所在收容国的健康需求日益复杂。本研究的主要目的是确定伊拉克、约旦、黎巴嫩、土耳其和叙利亚境内叙利亚流离失所者的主要健康需求。
使用6个电子数据库和多个灰色文献来源进行系统综述。按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目进行标题、摘要和全文筛选。目标人群是因叙利亚及其邻国冲突而流离失所的叙利亚人。感兴趣的结果是健康需求（即卫生服务可解决的健康问题）、卫生服务差距、培训和劳动力情况。排除关于混合难民群体以及冲突前流离失所的叙利亚人的研究。
通过与初级医疗保健中心、非政府组织和人道主义援助机构的代表进行两次利益相关者圆桌讨论，验证了该综述中黎巴嫩的具体结果。分析共纳入63篇文章。心理健康和妇女健康被确定为该地区最大的健康需求。最常见的健康问题在约旦是非传染性疾病，在黎巴嫩是妇女健康，在土耳其是心理健康。关于服务差距的研究发现，一般医疗服务差距最大，其次是妇女健康、心理健康和疫苗接种。还特别指出叙利亚卫生工作者的培训和可用性欠佳。黎巴嫩利益相关者讨论的结果显示，传染病、妇女健康和心理健康是黎巴嫩叙利亚难民的主要健康需求。报告的获得卫生服务的障碍包括地理障碍以及缺乏必要的认识和教育。
叙利亚的难民收容邻国需要加强同步方法，以减少在满足叙利亚难民需求方面现有的差距，特别是在妇女健康、心理健康和传染病方面。这主要包括培训医护人员以确保有技能的劳动力，并开展基于社区的努力以克服获得服务的障碍，包括对高度流行的健康状况缺乏知识和认识。
