National Performance Institute, British Athletics, Loughborough, UK
National Performance Institute, British Athletics, Loughborough, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 2019 Dec;53(23):1464-1473. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098971. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
Hamstring injuries are common in elite sports. Muscle injury classification systems aim to provide a framework for diagnosis. The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) describes an MRI classification system with clearly defined, anatomically focused classes based on the site of injury: (a) myofascial, (b) muscle-tendon junction or (c) intratendinous; and the extent of the injury, graded from 0 to 4. However, there are no clinical guidelines that link the specific diagnosis (as above) with a focused rehabilitation plan.
We present an overview of the general principles of, and rationale for, exercise-based hamstring injury rehabilitation in British Athletics. We describe how British Athletics clinicians use the BAMIC to help manage elite track and field athletes with hamstring injury. Within each class of injury, we discuss four topics: clinical presentation, healing physiology, how we prescribe and progress rehabilitation and how we make the shared decision to return to full training. We recommend a structured and targeted diagnostic and rehabilitation approach to improve outcomes after hamstring injury.
腘绳肌损伤在精英运动中很常见。肌肉损伤分类系统旨在为诊断提供框架。英国田径肌肉损伤分类（BAMIC）描述了一种 MRI 分类系统，该系统基于损伤部位，具有明确界定的、解剖学为重点的分类：（a）肌筋膜，（b）肌肉-肌腱交界处或（c）肌腱内；以及损伤程度，分为 0 到 4 级。然而，目前没有临床指南将特定的诊断（如上所述）与有针对性的康复计划联系起来。
我们概述了英国田径运动中基于运动的腘绳肌损伤康复的一般原则和基本原理。我们描述了英国田径运动的临床医生如何使用 BAMIC 来帮助管理有腘绳肌损伤的精英田径运动员。在每种损伤类型中，我们讨论了四个主题：临床表现、愈合生理学、我们如何规定和推进康复以及我们如何做出重返全面训练的共同决策。我们建议采用结构化和有针对性的诊断和康复方法，以改善腘绳肌损伤后的结果。
