ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Mar;25(9):8914-8927. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-1165-x. Epub 2018 Jan 13.
Recent studies have demonstrated that selenium (Se) and selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) exhibited toxicity at a higher concentration. The lethal concentration of Se and Se-NPs was estimated as 5.29 and 3.97 mg/L at 96 h in Pangasius hypophthalmus. However, the effect of different definite concentration of Se (4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 mg/L) and Se-NPs (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 mg/L) was decided for acute experiment. Selenium and Se-NPs alter the biochemical attributes such as anti-oxidative status [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities], neurotransmitter enzyme, cellular metabolic enzymes, stress marker, and histopathology of P. hypophthalmus in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CAT, SOD, and GST were significantly elevated (p < 0.01) when exposed to Se and Se-NPs, and similarly, a neurotransmitter enzyme (acetylcholine esterase (AChE)) was significantly inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Further, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate hydrogenase were noticeably (p < 0.01) affected by Se and Se-NPs from higher concentration to lower concentration. Stress markers such as cortisol and HSP 70 were drastically enhanced by exposure to Se and Se-NPs. All the cellular metabolic and stress marker parameters were elevated which might be due to hyperaccumulation of Se and Se-NPs in the vital organ and target tissues. The histopathology of liver and gill was also altered such as large vacuole, cloudy swelling, focal necrosis, interstitial edema, necrosis in liver, and thickening of primary lamellae epithelium and curling of secondary lamellae due to Se and Se-NP exposure. The study suggested that essential trace element in both forms (inorganic and nano) at higher concentration in acute exposure of Se and Se-NPs led to pronounced deleterious alteration on histopathology and cellular and metabolic activities of P. hypophthalmus.
最近的研究表明，硒（Se）和硒纳米颗粒（Se-NPs）在较高浓度下表现出毒性。在胡子鲶（Pangasius hypophthalmus）中，硒和硒纳米颗粒在 96 小时的致死浓度分别估计为 5.29 和 3.97mg/L。然而，不同浓度的硒（4.5、5.0、5.5 和 6.0mg/L）和硒纳米颗粒（2.5、3.0、3.5 和 4.0mg/L）对急性实验的影响已被确定。硒和硒纳米颗粒以剂量和时间依赖的方式改变了胡子鲶的生化特性，如抗氧化状态（过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性）、神经递质酶、细胞代谢酶、应激标志物和组织病理学。当暴露于硒和硒纳米颗粒时，CAT、SOD 和 GST 的活性显著升高（p<0.01），同样，神经递质酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE））的活性也以时间和剂量依赖的方式显著受到抑制。此外，天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸氢酶的活性也受到硒和硒纳米颗粒的显著影响，从较高浓度到较低浓度。暴露于硒和硒纳米颗粒会导致应激标志物如皮质醇和 HSP70 急剧升高。所有细胞代谢和应激标志物参数都升高，这可能是由于硒和硒纳米颗粒在重要器官和靶组织中的过度积累。肝脏和鳃的组织病理学也发生了变化，如大泡、浑浊肿胀、局灶性坏死、间质水肿、肝脏坏死以及初级鳃片上皮增厚和次级鳃片卷曲等。该研究表明，在急性暴露于硒和硒纳米颗粒的情况下，两种形式（无机和纳米）的必需微量元素在较高浓度下会导致胡子鲶的组织病理学以及细胞和代谢活动发生明显的有害变化。
