Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA.
Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2019 Aug;16(4):310-318. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12391. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
Numerous attempts have been made to improve women's physical activity participation during pregnancy, but activity levels remain low.
To examine systematically the associations of physical activity participation during pregnancy with non-modifiable correlates (not subject to change) and modifiable theoretical correlates of physical activity.
This systematic review followed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) guidelines. It includes cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that assessed non-modifiable correlates and modifiable theoretical correlates of physical activity. Five electronic databases were searched for studies published in the English language between 2010 and 2017. An author-developed data collection tool was used to examine selected variables; effect sizes were determined; and study bias was assessed.
Ten studies were included in the final review. Overall, effect sizes for non-modifiable correlates of physical activity were small to moderate, except for mental health (d = 1.35) and prior physical activity (d = 0.63). By contrast, modifiable theoretical correlates of physical activity (e.g., self-efficacy [d = 0.96-1.42] & intention to be physically active [d = 1.62]) had moderate to large effects in the expected direction with physical activity during pregnancy.
The findings underscore the importance of developing physical activity interventions for pregnant women that are guided by modifiable theoretical correlates, taking into consideration non-modifiable correlates of physical activity.
Clinicians should help pregnant women to increase self-confidence in their ability to be physically active and provide anticipatory guidance to overcome barriers to physical activity.
人们曾多次尝试提高孕妇的身体活动参与度，但活动水平仍然较低。
系统地考察孕妇身体活动参与度与不可变相关因素（不受变化影响）和可改变的身体活动理论相关因素之间的关联。
本系统评价遵循 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）指南。它包括评估身体活动不可变相关因素和可改变的身体活动理论相关因素的横断面和纵向研究。在 2010 年至 2017 年期间，使用英文在五个电子数据库中搜索研究。使用作者开发的数据收集工具来检查选定的变量；确定效果大小；并评估研究偏差。
最终综述纳入了 10 项研究。总体而言，身体活动不可变相关因素的效果大小为小至中等，除心理健康（d=1.35）和之前的身体活动（d=0.63）外。相比之下，身体活动的可改变理论相关因素（例如，自我效能感 [d=0.96-1.42] 和有身体活动的意图 [d=1.62]）在预期方向上具有中等至较大的效果。
这些发现强调了为孕妇开发基于可改变的身体活动理论相关因素的身体活动干预措施的重要性，同时考虑身体活动的不可变相关因素。
临床医生应帮助孕妇增强对自身身体活动能力的信心，并提供预期指导，以克服身体活动障碍。
