Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Metepec, México.
Departament of Chemical Engineering and Envioronmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, España.
Environ Technol. 2021 Feb;42(5):775-788. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1645739. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
This work presents a proposal for the recovery of water through the treatment of food industry wastewater using membrane processes. Three wastewater streams from the different manufacturing steps were identified as possible sources of water recovery: (1) wastewater from the washing of ionic exchange resins and (2) wastewater from the concentration stage of animal proteins (type 1 and 2). The wastewater streams were treated as effluent mixtures; each one with different level of pollution. The principal characteristics of the effluent mixtures were identified as high conductivity and the presence of organic matter. Under these conditions, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis were carried out for the treatment of wastewater. The ultrafiltration process was tested at an industrial-level plant and the reverse osmosis process was applied at a pilot-plant level. The results showed the feasibility of the proposed treatment for water recovery. The data demonstrates an efficiency greater than 95% in all the quality parameters and therefore, a high quality in the recovered water was obtained by membrane processes. According to the chemical composition of wastewater, the reversible fouling was linked to salts and protein retention, promoting the formation of a cake layer as reversible resistance; whereas, irreversible fouling was minimum during wastewater treatment.
本工作提出了一种通过膜过程处理食品工业废水以回收水的建议。从不同的制造步骤中确定了三种废水流作为水回收的可能来源：（1）离子交换树脂的洗涤废水和（2）动物蛋白浓缩阶段的废水（1 型和 2 型）。将废水流处理为废水混合物；每一种都有不同程度的污染。确定了废水混合物的主要特征是高电导率和有机物的存在。在这些条件下，进行了超滤和反渗透处理以处理废水。超滤过程在工业规模工厂中进行了测试，反渗透过程在中试工厂中进行了应用。结果表明了所提出的用于水回收的处理方法的可行性。数据表明，所有质量参数的效率均大于 95%，因此，通过膜过程获得了高质量的回用水。根据废水的化学成分，可逆污染与盐和蛋白质的保留有关，促进了作为可逆阻力的滤饼层的形成；而在处理废水期间，不可逆污染最小。
