United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 17;14(7):e0218321. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218321. eCollection 2019.
Coffee berry borer (CBB, Hypothenemus hampei) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is the most destructive pest of coffee worldwide. Information on CBB development times can be used to predict the initiation of new infestation cycles early in the coffee-growing season and thus inform the timing of insecticide applications. While laboratory estimates of CBB development under constant conditions exist, they have not been applied under the heterogeneous environmental conditions that characterize many coffee-growing regions. We measured CBB development times and abundance in commercial coffee farms across an elevational gradient on Hawai'i Island and applied thermal accumulation models from previous laboratory studies to test their fit to field data. Artificial lures were used to infest coffee berries at five farms ranging in elevation from 279-792 m, and weather variables were monitored at macro (farm-level) and micro (branch-level) scales. CBB development was followed in the field from the time of initial berry infestation by the founding female through the development of F1 mature adults. Mean development time from egg to adult across all sites was 38.5 ± 3.46 days, while the mean time required for the completion of a full life cycle (from time of infestation to presence of mature F1 females) was 50.9 ± 3.35 days. Development time increased with increasing elevation and decreasing temperature. Using macro-scale temperature data and two different estimates for the lower temperature threshold (14.9°C and 13.9°C), we estimated a mean requirement of 332 ± 14 degree-days and 386 ± 16 degree-days, respectively, from the time of berry infestation to the initiation of a new reproductive cycle in mature coffee berries. Similar estimates were obtained using micro-scale temperature data, indicating that macro-scale temperature monitoring is sufficient for life-cycle prediction. We also present a model relating elevation to number of CBB generations per month. Our findings suggest that CBB development times from laboratory studies are generally applicable to field conditions on Hawai'i Island and can be used as a decision support tool to improve IPM strategies for this worldwide pest of coffee.
咖啡浆果象甲（Hypothenemus hampei）（鞘翅目：象甲科：象甲亚科）是全球咖啡最具破坏性的害虫。关于咖啡浆果象甲发育时间的信息可用于预测咖啡种植季节早期新的虫害周期的开始，从而为杀虫剂的使用时间提供信息。虽然存在实验室条件下对咖啡浆果象甲发育的估计，但这些估计并未应用于许多咖啡种植地区所具有的异质环境条件下。我们在夏威夷岛上的一个海拔梯度上的商业咖啡农场中测量了咖啡浆果象甲的发育时间和数量，并应用了先前实验室研究中的热积累模型来检验它们对田间数据的拟合程度。在五个海拔从 279-792 米不等的农场中，使用人工诱饵对咖啡浆果进行感染，并在宏观（农场级别）和微观（枝条级别）尺度上监测天气变量。从创始雌性开始初始浆果感染到 F1 成熟成虫发育，在田间跟踪咖啡浆果象甲的发育情况。所有地点的卵到成虫的平均发育时间为 38.5 ± 3.46 天，而完成一个完整生命周期（从感染时间到成熟 F1 雌性存在的时间）所需的平均时间为 50.9 ± 3.35 天。发育时间随海拔升高和温度降低而增加。使用宏观尺度温度数据和两个不同的下限温度估计值（14.9°C 和 13.9°C），我们分别估计了从浆果感染到成熟咖啡浆果中开始新繁殖周期所需的平均 332 ± 14 度日和 386 ± 16 度日。使用微观尺度温度数据也得到了类似的估计值，这表明宏观尺度的温度监测足以进行生命周期预测。我们还提出了一个与海拔相关的模型，以确定每月咖啡浆果象甲的代数。我们的研究结果表明，实验室研究中的咖啡浆果象甲发育时间通常适用于夏威夷岛上的田间条件，并可作为决策支持工具，以改进针对这种全球咖啡害虫的综合虫害管理策略。
