Leonard Cheshire Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 17;14(7):e0217873. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217873. eCollection 2019.
Evidence suggests that people with disabilities are the most marginalised and vulnerable group within any population. However, little is known about the extent of inequality between people with and without disabilities in contexts where the majority of persons experience extreme poverty and hardship. This includes in Liberia, where very little is understood about the lives of disabled people in general. This study uses a multidimensional wellbeing framework to understand perceived relative inequality associated with disability by assessing several facets of wellbeing across and within households containing disabled members (N = 485) or households with no disabled members (N = 538) in Liberian communities (Total individuals surveyed, N = 2020). Statistical comparisons (adjusted for age, sex, education and wealth differences and clustered at the household, village and county level) reveal that disabled Liberians are managing similarly to non-disabled Liberians in terms of income and education, but experience many perceived relative inequalities including in life satisfaction, transport access, political participation and social inclusion. Our results further suggest that disability may lead to perceived relative inequality at the household level in terms of trust held in neighbours. However, they also show that being the head of a household may protect against perceived relative inequality in certain dimensions (e.g. healthcare and transport access, political participation) irrespective of disability status. Results are discussed in terms of practical implications for development efforts in Liberia and for disabled people in other low- and middle-income settings.
有证据表明,残疾人是任何人群中最边缘化和最脆弱的群体。然而,在大多数人经历极端贫困和困难的情况下,残疾人和非残疾人之间不平等的程度知之甚少。这包括在利比里亚,人们对残疾人群体的生活一般知之甚少。本研究使用多维福祉框架,通过评估残疾成员(N=485)或无残疾成员(N=538)家庭(共调查个体,N=2020)中福祉的几个方面,了解与残疾相关的感知相对不平等。统计比较(根据年龄、性别、教育和财富差异进行调整,并在家庭、村庄和县级进行聚类)表明,残疾利比里亚人在收入和教育方面与非残疾利比里亚人管理方式相似,但在生活满意度、交通接入、政治参与和社会包容等方面经历了许多感知相对不平等。我们的结果进一步表明,残疾可能导致家庭层面在对邻居的信任方面存在感知相对不平等。然而,研究结果还表明,无论残疾状况如何,作为家庭的户主可能会在某些方面(如医疗保健和交通接入、政治参与)免受感知相对不平等的影响。研究结果从利比里亚发展努力和其他中低收入环境中残疾人的实际意义方面进行了讨论。