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高收入提高对生活的评价,但不能提高情绪幸福感。

High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being.

机构信息

Center for Health and Well-being, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

出版信息

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 21;107(38):16489-93. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1011492107. Epub 2010 Sep 7.

Abstract

Recent research has begun to distinguish two aspects of subjective well-being. Emotional well-being refers to the emotional quality of an individual's everyday experience--the frequency and intensity of experiences of joy, stress, sadness, anger, and affection that make one's life pleasant or unpleasant. Life evaluation refers to the thoughts that people have about their life when they think about it. We raise the question of whether money buys happiness, separately for these two aspects of well-being. We report an analysis of more than 450,000 responses to the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index, a daily survey of 1,000 US residents conducted by the Gallup Organization. We find that emotional well-being (measured by questions about emotional experiences yesterday) and life evaluation (measured by Cantril's Self-Anchoring Scale) have different correlates. Income and education are more closely related to life evaluation, but health, care giving, loneliness, and smoking are relatively stronger predictors of daily emotions. When plotted against log income, life evaluation rises steadily. Emotional well-being also rises with log income, but there is no further progress beyond an annual income of ~$75,000. Low income exacerbates the emotional pain associated with such misfortunes as divorce, ill health, and being alone. We conclude that high income buys life satisfaction but not happiness, and that low income is associated both with low life evaluation and low emotional well-being.

摘要

最近的研究开始区分主观幸福感的两个方面。情感幸福感是指个体日常体验的情感质量,即体验快乐、压力、悲伤、愤怒和情感的频率和强度,这些体验使人们的生活愉快或不愉快。生活评价是指人们在思考自己的生活时的想法。我们分别针对这两个幸福感方面提出了一个问题,即金钱是否能买来幸福。我们报告了对盖洛普-健康之路幸福感指数(一项由盖洛普组织对 1000 名美国居民进行的日常调查)超过 45 万次回复的分析。我们发现,情感幸福感(通过询问昨天的情感体验来衡量)和生活评价(通过 Cantril 的自我定位量表来衡量)有不同的相关性。收入和教育与生活评价更密切相关,但健康、照顾、孤独和吸烟对日常情绪的预测作用相对更强。当与对数收入作图时,生活评价稳步上升。情感幸福感也随对数收入而上升,但在年收入约 75000 美元之后,就没有进一步的进展。低收入加剧了与离婚、健康状况不佳和孤独等不幸相关的情感痛苦。我们的结论是,高收入能带来生活满意度,但不能带来幸福,而低收入既与低生活评价又与低情感幸福感有关。

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