Progressive diffuse idiopathic spinal hyperostosis: a case report.

Diffuse idiopathic spinal hyperostosis (DISH) causes various problems, such as adjacent disc dysfunction, pseudarthrosis, or reossification, when spinal surgery is performed or spinal fracture occurs. The authors herein describe a patient with DISH in whom ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament progressively advanced from the thoracic to sacral vertebrae during a 14-year period. Surgery was performed three times to treat the characteristic problems associated with DISH: abnormal sagittal alignment of the spine, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, reossification of the laminectomy-treated regions and accompanying spinal canal stenosis, pseudarthrosis after spinal fracture, and delayed palsy. DISH-associated problems after spinal fusion are not rare, but this patient developed a particularly large number of problems often seen in the long term after spinal fusion in patients with DISH. Clinicians must be aware of problems being likely to occur in ossification-discontinuous and fragile regions during the postoperative follow-up.