Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Front Immunol. 2019 Jun 28;10:1464. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01464. eCollection 2019.
An exosome (30-150 nm size) is a cell-derived vesicle. Exosome-induced regulation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming increasingly popular due to their potential functions of exosomal pathways. Exosomes, which are involved in the regulation of IBD, can be released from various cell types, or found in many physiological fluids, and plants. The specific functions of exosomes in IBD primarily depend on the internal functional components, including RNAs, proteins, and other substances. However, exosome-induced transport mechanisms involving cell-cell communications or cell-environment interactions are also very important. Recent studies have revealed that exosome crosstalk mechanisms may influence major IBD-related pathways, such as immune responses, barrier functions, and intestinal flora. This review highlights the advancements in the biology of exosome secretions and their regulation in IBD. The functional roles of exosomal components, including nucleic acids, proteins, and some other components, are the main focus of this review. More animal and clinical research is needed to study the functions of exosomes on IBD. Designing new drug dosage form using exosome-like-structure may provide new insights into IBD treatment. This review suggests a potential significance for exosomes in IBD diagnosis and treatment.
外泌体（大小为 30-150nm）是一种细胞来源的囊泡。由于其外泌体途径的潜在功能，外泌体诱导的炎症性肠病（IBD）调节作用变得越来越受欢迎。参与 IBD 调节的外泌体可以从各种细胞类型释放，或在许多生理液和植物中发现。外泌体在 IBD 中的特定功能主要取决于内部功能成分，包括 RNA、蛋白质和其他物质。然而，涉及细胞-细胞通讯或细胞-环境相互作用的外泌体诱导运输机制也非常重要。最近的研究表明，外泌体串扰机制可能影响主要的 IBD 相关途径，如免疫反应、屏障功能和肠道菌群。这篇综述强调了外泌体分泌的生物学及其在 IBD 中的调节作用的最新进展。本综述的重点是外泌体成分（包括核酸、蛋白质和其他一些成分）的功能作用。需要更多的动物和临床研究来研究外泌体对 IBD 的作用。使用类外泌体结构设计新的药物剂型可能为 IBD 的治疗提供新的思路。本综述表明外泌体在 IBD 诊断和治疗中有潜在的意义。
