Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Oct;411(25):6603-6614. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-02000-z. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
The topic of food analysis and safety has attracted increasing interest in recent decades owing to recent scandals concerning fraudulent activities (mislabeling, sophistication, adulteration, etc.) that can undermine human health. Among them, seafood fraud has probably the strongest relationship with food safety, an activity that goes beyond economic interests. This article explores the capabilities of an innovative instrumental setup, called the "iKnife," as a powerful tool in this specific research area, where until now genomics and proteomics have been the workhorses in analytical approaches. iKnife, which means "intelligent knife," is the name of a recent technology based on rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS). REIMS is an emerging technique able to characterize different samples rapidly, affording a comprehensive profile usable as a fingerprint, without the need for preliminary extraction or cleanup procedures. In detail, a REIMS source is coupled to a high-resolution tandem mass spectrometer; such coupling allows one to maximize the amount of information (discriminant features) collected for a single analysis, as well as to focus on target analytes to achieve enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. A database was created from 18 marine species typical of the Mediterranean Sea, all caught in the very small area of the Strait of Messina, and reliable identification was achieved for each species with confidence higher than 99%. One big model and three submodels were built by principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis for unambiguous key variable identification within each class (e.g., Cephalopoda), order (e.g., Perciformes), or family (e.g., Carangidae). Graphical abstract.
近年来，由于涉及欺诈活动（标签欺诈、造假、掺假等）的丑闻不断，这些活动可能会损害人类健康，食品分析和安全这一主题引起了越来越多的关注。在这些欺诈活动中，海鲜欺诈可能与食品安全的关系最为密切，因为这种活动不仅仅涉及经济利益。本文探讨了一种创新的仪器设备，称为“iKnife”，在这个特定的研究领域作为一种强大工具的能力。到目前为止，基因组学和蛋白质组学一直是分析方法的主力，但在这个领域，iKnife 已经成为了一种新的技术。iKnife 的意思是“智能刀”，是一种基于快速蒸发电离质谱（REIMS）的新技术。REIMS 是一种新兴技术，能够快速地对不同的样本进行特征分析，提供一个可作为指纹使用的综合图谱，而无需进行初步的提取或净化处理。具体来说，REIMS 源与高分辨率串联质谱仪相耦合；这种耦合允许我们在单次分析中收集更多的信息（判别特征），并将注意力集中在目标分析物上，以实现更高的灵敏度和选择性。创建了一个包含 18 种典型地中海海洋物种的数据库，这些物种都是在墨西拿海峡的小区域内捕获的，对每个物种的可靠识别置信度都高于 99%。通过主成分分析和线性判别分析，建立了一个大模型和三个子模型，用于在每个类别（例如头足类动物）、目（例如鲈形目）或科（例如鲹科）内明确识别关键变量。
