Łucka Izabela, Domarecki Patryk, Janikowska-Hołoweńko Dorota, Plenikowska-Ślusarz Teresa, Domarecka Małgorzata
Klinika Psychiatrii Rozwojowej, Zaburzeń Psychotycznych i Wieku Podeszłego Gdańskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego.
Wojewódzki Szpital Reumatologiczny w Sopocie.
Psychiatr Pol. 2019 Apr 30;53(2):383-398. doi: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/90633.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among school-age youth from Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian voivodeships, as well as search for factors which enhance the risk of orthorexia nervosa. An attempt was made to find differences in occurrence of orthorexia nervosa among youth from big cities and small towns.
The study group consisted of 864 subjects (599 females and 265 males). The mean age of female participants was 20.21+/-3.27 years, and of male participants - 18.93+/-3.67 years. In the study, we used a proprietary questionnaire to collect patient data, as well as following diagnostic questionnaires: ORTO-15 by Donini et al. (Polish version validated by Stochel, Janas-Kozik et al.), EAT-26 by Garner and Garfinkel, MOCI (Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory) by Hodgson and Rachman, and BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory II) by Beck. The results were statistically analyzed.
27% of subjects were found to be at risk of orthorexia nervosa (score of 35 was consideredas cut-off point). The highest score of risk was observed in the group of students of junior secondary school, the lowest in the group of students of senior secondary school. There were no statistically significant differences in the risk of orthorexia in groups from big city and small town. Studied social factors did not show impact on the risk of orthorexia. Individuals with suspected orthorexia have notably higher BMI. There were no statistically significant differences in occurrence and severity of depression in the study group. Depression occurred in 25% of the subjects;the link between depression and orthorexia was not confirmed.
On the basis of the study, it was indicated that the group of the highest risk are students of junior secondary school, probably because of the great interest in physical attractiveness in this period of life, as well as individuals with higher BMI. We believe that for more effective diagnosis it would be advisable to adopt a cut-off point for orthorexia in the ORTO-15 at the level of 35 points, as postulated by Stochel, Janas-Kozik et al. The 40-point threshold is associated with considerable overdiagnosis of the phenomenon.
本研究旨在确定波美拉尼亚省和瓦尔米亚-马祖里省学龄青少年中神经性正食症的患病率，并寻找增加神经性正食症风险的因素。同时尝试找出大城市和小镇青少年中神经性正食症发生率的差异。
研究组由864名受试者组成（599名女性和265名男性）。女性参与者的平均年龄为20.21±3.27岁，男性参与者的平均年龄为18.93±3.67岁。在研究中，我们使用了一份自编问卷来收集患者数据，以及以下诊断问卷：多尼尼等人编制的ORTO-15（由斯托赫尔、雅纳斯-科齐克等人验证的波兰语版本）、加纳和加芬克尔编制的EAT-26、霍奇森和拉赫曼编制的MOCI（莫兹利强迫观念量表）以及贝克编制的BDI-II（贝克抑郁量表第二版）。对结果进行了统计分析。
发现27%的受试者有患神经性正食症的风险（以35分为临界值）。初中学生组的风险得分最高，高中学生组的风险得分最低。来自大城市和小镇的组在神经性正食症风险方面没有统计学上的显著差异。所研究的社会因素对神经性正食症风险没有影响。疑似患有神经性正食症的个体BMI显著更高。研究组中抑郁症的发生率和严重程度没有统计学上的显著差异。25%的受试者患有抑郁症；抑郁症与神经性正食症之间的联系未得到证实。
根据研究表明，风险最高的群体是初中学生，这可能是因为在这个年龄段对身体吸引力的关注度较高，以及BMI较高的个体。我们认为，为了更有效地进行诊断，按照斯托赫尔、雅纳斯-科齐克等人的假设，将ORTO-15中神经性正食症的临界值设定为35分是可取的。40分的阈值与该现象的过度诊断相当相关。
