Łucka Izabela, Mazur Artur, Łucka Anna, Trojniak Julia, Kopańska Marta
Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic Disorders and Old Age Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, al. Tadeusza Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 2;17(13):2208. doi: 10.3390/nu17132208.
The rising focus on dietary choices has contributed to maladaptive eating patterns, including orthorexia nervosa (ON)-a pathological preoccupation with healthy eating. This study investigated ON prevalence and correlates in two Polish young adult cohorts to address inconsistencies in the existing literature and ON's ambiguous nosological status. We explored its complex interplay with specific lifestyle and sociodemographic factors. The study sample consisted of 412 young adults, comprising Group 1 (G1; n = 136; 95 women, 38 men, and 3 non-binary individuals) and Group 2 (G2; n = 264; 194 women, 65 men, and 5 non-binary individuals). Data collection utilized a proprietary questionnaire for sociodemographic and health, the ORTO-15 questionnaire (cut-off < 35 points) for ON risk, and the EAT-26 for eating disorder (ED) risk. Depression was self-assessed. An analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle data was conducted to explore the association with orthorexia risk. ON risk was identified in 26.5% of participants in G1 and 76.8% in G2. Logistic regression analysis identified different, independent predictors of ON risk for each group. In G1, these were depressive symptoms (OR = 2.52) and a co-occurring risk of eating disorders (ED) (OR = 11.37). In contrast, for G2, the predictors were smoking (OR = 2.14) and, inversely, a lower ED risk (OR = 0.16). No consistent associations were found with ON risk and age, gender, education, residence, or occupational status. This study confirms a strong link between ON and other eating disorders. The high ON prevalence in G2, combined with low internal consistency of ORTO-15, suggests tool limitations in specific populations. These findings highlight the need for more precise ON diagnostic tools and further research into its correlates, including body image, specific lifestyle factors, and its role within eating pathology.
对饮食选择的关注度不断提高，导致了适应不良的饮食模式，包括神经性正食症（ON）——一种对健康饮食的病态执着。本研究调查了两个波兰年轻成人队列中的ON患病率及其相关因素，以解决现有文献中的不一致之处以及ON模糊的疾病分类地位。我们探讨了它与特定生活方式和社会人口学因素之间的复杂相互作用。研究样本包括412名年轻人，分为第1组（G1；n = 136；95名女性、38名男性和3名非二元性别个体）和第2组（G2；n = 264；194名女性、65名男性和5名非二元性别个体）。数据收集使用了一份关于社会人口学和健康状况的专有问卷、用于ON风险评估的ORTO - 15问卷（临界值 < 35分）以及用于饮食失调（ED）风险评估的EAT - 26问卷。抑郁情况通过自我评估得出。对社会人口学、临床和生活方式数据进行了分析，以探讨与正食症风险的关联。G1组26.5%的参与者和G2组76.8%的参与者被确定存在ON风险。逻辑回归分析确定了每组ON风险的不同独立预测因素。在G1组中，这些因素是抑郁症状（OR = 2.52）和同时存在的饮食失调风险（ED）（OR = 11.37）。相比之下，对于G2组，预测因素是吸烟（OR = 2.14），相反，较低的ED风险（OR = 0.16）。未发现ON风险与年龄、性别、教育程度、居住地点或职业状况之间存在一致的关联。本研究证实了ON与其他饮食失调之间存在紧密联系。G2组中ON的高患病率，加上ORTO - 15问卷的低内部一致性，表明该工具在特定人群中存在局限性。这些发现凸显了需要更精确的ON诊断工具，并进一步研究其相关因素，包括身体形象、特定生活方式因素以及它在饮食病理学中的作用。
