Osaki Mitsuhiko, Okada Futoshi
Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
Yonago Acta Med. 2019 Jun 20;62(2):182-190. doi: 10.33160/yam.2019.06.002. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles and their size is approximately 100 nm in diameter. They are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and secreted from almost all of cells. Exosomes are generated within the endocytic system as ILV (intraluminal membrane vesicle) and secreted during the fusion of MVB (multivesicular body) with the cell membrane. Recently it has been reported that exosomes modulate cell-cell communication contributing to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by molecules including exosomes. Moreover, exosomes released from cancer cells are involved in cancer progression. Thus, data regarding the role of the exosomes in malignant cancer will lead to development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一个亚群，其直径约为100纳米。它们被脂质双分子层膜包围，几乎由所有细胞分泌。外泌体在内吞系统中以内体小泡（ILV）的形式产生，并在多泡体（MVB）与细胞膜融合时分泌。最近有报道称，外泌体通过包括外泌体在内的分子调节细胞间通讯，有助于维持组织稳态。此外，癌细胞释放的外泌体参与癌症进展。因此，有关外泌体在恶性肿瘤中作用的数据将有助于开发新的诊断和治疗方法。
