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Curr Opin Virol. 2019 Aug;37:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.06.005. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
This brief review is focused on the events surrounding the initial discovery of a new viral hemorrhagic fever in 1969 and the subsequent 10-15 years during which a substantial understanding of the disease was gained. In 1969, a series of sequential life-threating or fatal infections occurred among health care workers in Nigeria and the laboratory scientist who isolated and characterized the causative agent. The agent, Lassa virus was named after the geographical location of the first recognized human case. The new virus was shown to be related to lymphocytic choriomeningitis and to previously unclassified neotropical viruses, including Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers, and a new taxonomic grouping, the Arenaviruses, was proposed. In 1970-72, three further epidemics occurred in Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone, the first two involved nosocomial transmission, and the third was a community-based outbreak, during which the rodent reservoir host was identified. In 1976, a long-term research project commenced in Sierra Leone, which produced a rich body of data from prospectively designed studies on the clinical features, transmission, and treatment of the disease.
这篇简要回顾主要聚焦于 1969 年新发病毒性出血热的首次发现及其后 10-15 年间，在此期间对该疾病有了较为深入的了解。1969 年，尼日利亚的医护人员和分离并鉴定病原体的实验室科学家相继发生了一系列危及生命或致命的感染。这种病原体被命名为拉萨病毒，以首次被确认的人类病例所在地命名。研究表明，这种新病毒与淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒有关，也与之前未分类的新热带病毒有关，包括阿根廷和玻利维亚出血热，因此提出了一个新的分类群，即沙粒病毒科。1970-72 年，尼日利亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂又发生了三次疫情，前两次与医院感染有关，第三次是社区暴发，期间确定了啮齿动物储存宿主。1976 年，塞拉利昂开始了一个长期的研究项目，从前瞻性设计的研究中获得了大量关于该疾病的临床特征、传播和治疗的数据。
