School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N0B 2J0, Canada.
Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 18;16(14):2563. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142563.
Canadian provincial policies, like Ontario's School Food and Beverage Policy (P/PM 150), increasingly mandate standards for food and beverages offered for sale at school. Given concerns regarding students leaving school to purchase less healthy foods, we examined student behaviours and competitive food retail around schools in a large urban region of Southern Ontario.
Using a geographic information system (GIS), we enumerated food outlets (convenience stores, fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants) within 500, 1000 and 1500 m of all 389 regional schools spanning years of policy implementation. Consenting grade 6-10 students within 31 randomly selected schools completed a web-based 24-h diet recall (WEB-Q) and questionnaire.
Food outlet numbers increased over time ( < 0.01); post-policy, within 1000 m, they averaged 27.31 outlets, with a maximum of 65 fast-food restaurants around one school. Of WEB-Q respondents ( = 2075, mean age = 13.4 ± 1.6 years), those who ate lunch at a restaurant/take-out ( = 84, 4%) consumed significantly more energy (978 vs. 760 kcal), sodium (1556 vs. 1173 mg), and sugar (44.3 vs. 40.1 g). Of elementary and secondary school respondents, 22.1% and 52.4% reported ever eating at fast food outlets during school days.
Students have easy access to food retail in school neighbourhoods. The higher energy, sodium and sugar of these options present a health risk.
加拿大省级政策，如安大略省的学校食品和饮料政策（P/PM 150），越来越多地要求为在校销售的食品和饮料制定标准。考虑到学生离开学校购买不太健康食品的担忧，我们在安大略省南部一个大城市地区检查了学校周围学生的行为和竞争食品零售情况。
我们使用地理信息系统（GIS）对所有 389 所学校所在地区范围内 500、1000 和 1500 米范围内的食品店（便利店、快餐店、全服务餐厅）进行了计数，这些学校跨越了政策实施的几年。在 31 所随机选择的学校中，同意的 6-10 年级学生完成了基于网络的 24 小时饮食回忆（WEB-Q）和问卷调查。
随着时间的推移，食品店数量增加（<0.01）；政策出台后，在 1000 米范围内，平均有 27.31 家食品店，其中有一家学校周围最多有 65 家快餐店。在 WEB-Q 受访者（=2075，平均年龄=13.4±1.6 岁）中，那些在餐馆/外卖吃午餐的人（=84，4%）摄入的能量（978 比 760 千卡）、钠（1556 比 1173 毫克）和糖（44.3 比 40.1 克）明显更多。在小学和中学的受访者中，22.1%和 52.4%的人报告在上学日曾在快餐店吃过饭。
学生在学校附近很容易接触到食品零售。这些选择的高能量、高钠和高糖含量对健康构成了风险。
