Dignitas International, Zomba, Malawi; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Dignitas International, Zomba, Malawi; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Glob Heart. 2019 Jun;14(2):109-118. doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2019.05.001.
Recent studies have found an increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. A compressive search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and the World Health Organization Global Health Library databases was undertaken to identify studies reporting on the prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for hypertension and diabetes in Malawi. The findings from 23 included studies revealed a high burden of hypertension and diabetes in Malawi, with estimates ranging from 15.8% to 32.9% and from 2.4% to 5.6%, respectively. Associated risk factors included old age, tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, high salt and sugar intake, low fruit and vegetable intake, high body mass index, and high waist-to-hip ratio. Certain antiretroviral therapy regimens were also associated with increased diabetes and hypertension risk in human immunodeficiency virus patient populations. Nationwide, the quality of clinical care was generally limited and demonstrated a need for innovative and targeted interventions to prevent, control, and treat noncommunicable diseases in Malawi.
最近的研究发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的非传染性疾病负担不断增加。为了确定报告马拉维高血压和糖尿病的患病率、风险因素和干预措施的研究，对 PubMed、Medline、EMBASE 和世界卫生组织全球卫生图书馆数据库进行了广泛搜索。23 项纳入研究的结果表明，马拉维的高血压和糖尿病负担沉重，估计患病率分别为 15.8%至 32.9%，糖尿病患病率分别为 2.4%至 5.6%。相关的风险因素包括年龄较大、吸烟、过度饮酒、肥胖、身体活动不足、高盐和高糖摄入、低水果和蔬菜摄入、高身体质量指数和高腰臀比。某些抗逆转录病毒疗法方案也与艾滋病毒患者人群中糖尿病和高血压风险的增加有关。在全国范围内，临床护理的质量普遍有限，需要创新和有针对性的干预措施来预防、控制和治疗马拉维的非传染性疾病。
